MKSAP 18 NEURO Questions With Correct Review Solution 2023/2024 A+

MKSAP 18 NEURO Questions With Correct Review Solution 2023/2024 A+ 1) stereotyped movements (essentially the same from one event to the next), eyes being open, cyanosis due to cessation of breathing, a duration of 2 to 5 minutes, stiffness and falling before symptoms of shaking, shaking that initially is fast but gradually slows and stops, and postictal confusion. - Answer-generalized tonic-clonic seizure 2) variability of symptoms, closing of eyes, long duration of shaking that waxes and wanes, and lack of postictal confusion; confirmation with video electroencephalographic monitoring usually is required. - Answer-psychogenic nonepileptic spells/events 3) very brief (<1 second) and characterized by synchronous jerking or shaking of the limbs with retained awareness and no postictal confusion afterward - Answer-Myoclonic seizures 4) Haloperidol is absolutely contraindicated in dementia with Lewy bodies; ----- is a safer alternative TO TREAT ACUTE AGITATION and may improve the behavioral and cognitive symptoms associated with dementia - Answer-donepezil 5) ------ is appropriate for patients with Parkinson disease who derive a continued benefit from carbidopa-levodopa but experience medication-related complications (wearing off effect and involuntary movements) - Answer-Deep brain stimulation 6) In patients with severe head injury, fever must be controlled aggressively with an agent such as acetaminophen, ---- is contraindicated - Answer-dexamethasone 7) In ischemic stroke due to intracranial atherosclerosis, the use of -------- for secondary stroke prevention is associated with a reduced long-term risk of ischemic stroke. DONT DO INTRACRANIAL STENT - Answer-high-intensity atorvastatin therapy 8) Multiple sclerosis-related fatigue is most appropriately treated with a stimulant medication, such as - Answer-modafanil 9) definition of epilepsy - Answer-at least two unprovoked seizures more than 24 hours apart, or one unprovoked seizure with a high risk of recurrence on the basis of abnormalities found on testing 10) unprovoked, first-time seizure, next best test - Answer-CT head 11) Evaluation of cryptogenic stroke (no clear source on arterial imaging) with ----- - Answerprolonged outpatient rhythm monitoring may yield a new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation in almost one third of patients. 12) causes of thunderclap headache - Answer-1. SAH 13) 2. Cerebral vasoconstricton syndrome (will have normal CTH and LP) 14) headaches may be triggered by exertion, Valsalva maneuvers, emotion, or showering/bathing. Although some patients develop focal deficits, encephalopathy, or seizures, most have normal findings on clinical examination. diagnosis and next best step? - Answer-Brain magnetic resonance angiography or head CT angiography are the diagnostic procedures of choice for reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome, treat with CCB 15) treatment for acute MS exacerbation - Answer-prednisone 1250mg/day x 5 days, if not responding then PLEX 16) Vit D and MS - A