Med Surg Cardiovascular System

The nurse is educating a female patient with a family history of coronary artery disease (CAD) about risk factors and prevention of heart disease in women. Which information is most important for the nurse to include? a. Women should maintain a body mass index (BMI) of less than 28. b. Women should utilize estrogen supplementation to decrease risk of heart disease. c. Women should drink one alcoholic beverage daily. d. Women should incorporate stress reduction techniques into their daily lifesty - Answer- ANS: D Increased stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, especially in women. Women should incorporate stress reduction techniques into their daily lifestyle. Women should maintain a BMI of less than 25. Women should discontinue use of estrogen contraception/supplementation as soon as possible. Women should not consume more than one alcoholic drink per day, and abstaining from alcohol is beneficial. In a blood pressure of 120/80, what does the "80" indicate? a. Pulse pressure b. Pressure in the relaxed ventricles c. Relative ejection factor d. Stroke volume - Answer- ANS: B The diastolic pressure of 80 mm Hg is the reading of the pressure during ventricular relaxation. The nurse is caring for a patient on lisinopril (Zestril). The patient asks how this medication affects blood pressure. Which response best explains the medication's effects? a. "This medication blocks epinephrine and lowers the heart rate, which impacts blood pressure." b. "This medication stimulates the release of sodium and water to be excreted." c. "This medication lowers blood pressure by blocking an enzyme that causes blood vessels to constrict." d. "This medication decreases cardiac outpu - Answer- ANS: C Angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are antihypertensive medications, or medications that lower blood pressure. ACE-inhibitors block angiotensin I from converting to angiotensin II and cause vasoconstriction. This action prevents blood pressure from increasing. The 85-year-old patient with a newly diagnosed heart murmur expresses concern that he has never been notified of this finding before. What is the most likely cause of this patient's heart murmur? a. Hypertension b. Atherosclerosis c. Insufficient valves d. We