MOCA- Social Studies Part 1 Latest 2023 Rated A

MOCA- Social Studies Part 1 Latest 2023 Rated A economics teaches concepts such as work, exchange, production of goods and services, the origins of materials and products, and consumption geography teaches students how to use maps, globes, and locational and directional terms; provides them with an understanding of spatial environments, landforms, climate, world trade and transportation, ecological systems, and world cultures Constructivist Learning Theory supports a view of inquiry-based learning as an opportunity for students to experience learning through inquiry and problem-solving; this process is characterized by exploration and risk taking, curiosity and motivation, engagement in critical and creative thinking, and connections with real-life situations and real audiences Information Seeking Behavior Theory purports that students progress through levels of question specificity, from vague notions of the information needed to clearly defined needs or questions; according to this theory, students are more successful in the search process if they have a realistic understanding of the information system and problem; inquiry is not linear, but is flexible and leads back to the original question base maps created from aerial and field surveys, these maps serve as the starting point for topographic and thematic maps topographic maps show the natural and human-made surface features of the earth, like mountains, river courses, roads, names of lakes and towns, and county and state lines thematic maps these use a base or topographic map as the foundation for showing data based on a theme, such as population density, wildlife distribution, economic trends, etc. scale size of a map expressed as a ratio of the actual size of the land; example- 1 inch on a map represents 1 mile on land small-scale maps depict larger areas, but have fewer details large-scale maps depict smaller areas and include more details cartography art and science of mapmaking; eventually grew into geography; starts with a survey, then aerial photography, then a topographical map, then a computer-draft Inquiry-based learning type of learning process in which students are involved in their learning; involves formulating questions, investigation, building new understanding and meaning Quantitative research involves using techniques to gather data which deals with numbers and measurable data Qualitative research involves non-measurable factors and looks for meaning in the numbers produced by quant. research; takes data from observations and looks for underlying meanings and patterns of relationships empirical research original data gathering and analysis through direct observation or experiment Sumer civilization that used the first known writing system- the Sumerians were able to leave a written record of their myths and religion, advanced the development of the wheel and irrigation; urbanized their culture with a cluster of cities Egypt united by the Nile River, they originally settled in villages on the banks; had a national religion that held their pharaohs as gods; had a central gov't that controlled civil and artistic affairs; had writing and libraries Indus Valley also called Harappan after the city of Harappa; civilization that started in the 3rd and 4th centuries BC and was widely dispersed over 400,000 sq mi; unified culture of luxury and refinement, no known nat'l gov't, advanced civic system, and prosperous trade routes Mesopotamia series of short-term empires that failed because of their oppression of subject peoples Greece started as a group of city-states that were united by Alexander the Great and joined to create an empire that stretched from the Indus River to Egypt and the Mediterranean coast; blended Greek values with those of the local cultures, which collectively became known as Hellenistic society Rome Italian city-state that grew into an empire extending from the British Isles across Europe to the Middle East; lasted for 1,000 years and became the foundation of the Western World's culture, language, and laws Zeus/Jupiter Head of the Panthenon, god of the sky Hera/Juno Wife of Zeus/Jupiter, goddess of marriage Poseidon/Neptune God of the seas Demeter/Ceres Goddess of grain Apollo God of the sun, law, music, archery, healing, and truth Artemis/Diana Goddess of the moon, wild creatures, and hunting Athena/Minerva Goddess of civilized life, handicrafts, and agriculture Hephaestus/Vulcan God of fire, blacksmith Aphrodite/Venus goddess of love and beauty Ares/Mars god of war Dionysus/Bacchus God of wine and vegetation Hades/Pluto God of the underworld and the dead Eros/Cupid minor god of love Hestia/Vesta Goddess of the hearth or home Hermes/Mercury minor god of gracefulness and swiftness China since the end of the Warring States period in 221 BC, this country has functioned as an empire; the basic gov't structure has stayed the same; extensive written record of culture that heavily emphasizes history, philosophy, and a common religion India the subcontinent was seldom unified in terms of gov't until the British empire controlled the area in the 19th and 20th centuries; culture- persistent institutions and religion that have loosely united the people, such as the caste system and guilds and have regulated daily life more than any gov't Middle Ages also known as the Medieval times, was a period that ran from approx. 500-1500 AD; during this time, the centers of European civilization moved from the Mediterranean countries to France, Germany, and England Roman Catholicism cultural and religious center of medieval life, extending into politics and economics Knights loyal to the king and had systems of honor, combat, and chivalry Peasants also known as serfs served a particular lord and his lands The Crusades the recurring wars between European Christians and Middle East Muslims and raged over the Holy Lands Charlemagne Charles the Great, legendary leader who created an empire across France and Germany around 800 AD Black Death Plague swept across Europe from leaving between 1/3 and 1/2 of the population dead Catholic Church dominant during the Middle Ages in Europe; immensely powerful and encouraged corrupt practices Protestant Reformation began as an attempt to reform the Catholic Church, but eventually led to the separation from it Anglican Church When the pope denied King Henry VIII a divorce, he broke away and formed this church Renaissance French word for rebirth, used to describe the renewal of interest in ancient Greek and Latin art, literature, and philosophy that occurred in Europe, especially Italy; 14th-16th centuries; time of great scientific inquiry, rise of individualism, exploration, and rise of secular values Petrarch an Italian scholar, writer, and key figure in Northern Italy where Renaissance started and where chief patrons came from the merchant class Leonardo da Vinci artist and innovator during the Renaissance Michelangelo and Raphael artists Desiderius Erasmus applied historical scholarship to the New Testament and laid the seeds for the Protestant Reformation Sir Thomas More a lawyer and author who wrote Utopia Niccolo Machiavelli author of Prince and Discourses which proposed a science of human nature and civil life William Shakespeare a renowned playwright and poet Industrial Revolution started in England with the construction of the first cotton mill in 1733; other inventions followed in rapid succession steel industry grew exponentially when it was realized that cheap, abundant English coal could be used instead of wood for melting metals steam engine revolutionized transportation and work power technological era around 1830, this factory-based era was ushered into the rest of Europe, society changed from agrarian to urban; with new need for cheap unskilled labor brought on extensive employment and abuse of women and children; unsanitary conditions, air and water pollution child labor laws brought on to battle one of the effects of the tech era labor unions created to protect the safety of workers during the tech era World War I began in 1914 and was between the Allies and the Central Powers; ended in 1918 Allies Britain, France, Russia, Greece, Italy, Romania, and Serbia; the US joined in 1917 and Russia pulled out to pursue its own revolution Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey World War II fighting occurred on nearly every continent; Germany occupied most of Europe and Northern Africa; Axis and Allies; ended in Europe in April 1945 and Japan in August 1945 Axis powers that were allied with Germany in WWII, Japan forcefully expanded territories in Korea, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, and the South Pacific; Japan brought the US into the war when they attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941 trade routes connected people from all over during ancient times resulting in changes in exchanges and migrations of people, philosophies, religions, and goods French explorers made major contributions to the exploration of the new continent; eventually ceded southern possessions and New Orleans to Spain Giovanni da Verrazano and Jacques Cartier explored the North American coast and the St. Lawrence Seaway for France Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec and set up a fur empire on the St. Lawrence Seaway; explored coasts of Massachusetts and Rhode Island between 1604 and 1607 Fr. Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet first Europeans to travel down the Mississippi in 1673 Rene-Robert de la Salle explored the Great Lakes and the Illinois and Mississippi Rivers , claiming the land from the Great Lakes to the Gulf of Mexico and from the Appalachians to the Rockies for France Spain claimed and explored huge portions of the US after the voyages of Christopher Columbus Juan Ponce de Leon 1513, first European in Florida; established oldest European settlement in Puerto Rico; discovered Gulf Stream; searched for the Fountain of Youth Alonso Alvarez de Pineda charted the Gulf Coast from Florida to Mexico in 1519; probably the first European in Texas, he claimed it for Spain Panfilo de Narvaez docked in Tampa Bay with Cabeza de Vaca in 1528, claimed Florida for Spain, then sailed the Gulf Coast Francisco Vasquez de Coronado while searching for gold in 1540, he became the first European to explore Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona Hernando De Soto first European to explore the southeastern US from Tallahassee to Natchez Sir Walter Raleigh landed on Roanoke Island in 1585 and sent Arthur Barlow to the mainland which they named Virginia Jamestown first permanent English colony 1607 Captain John Smith founded Jamestown Virginia Company and Chesapeake Bay Company successfully colonized other Virginia sites Pilgrims the Virginia Company sent 24 Puritan families to Virginia and were known as Mayflower was supposed to take the Pilgrims to VA, but landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620 instead Plymouth Plantation was established after the Pilgrims landed here and survived with the help of the natives- this is where the first Thanksgiving is believed to have happened Salem in 1629, 400 Puritans arrived here; this became an important port and was made famous by the witch trials in 1692 Massachusetts Bay Company organized in 1628 and self-governed; the Massachusetts Indians sold most of the land to the English Boston established in 1630 Harvard University established in 1636 Maryland established by Lord Baltimore in 1632 in hopes to provide refuge for English Catholics Roger Williams banished from Mass. in 1636 because he called for the separation of church and state Rhode Island established by Roger Williams in 1647 and had 800 settlers by 1650, including Anne Hutchinson and her "Antinomians" who attacked clerical authority William Penn received a royal charter for the establishment of Pennsylvania as a colony of Quakers in 1681; Pennsylvania William Penn established it; practiced religious tolerance and immigrants prospered from the beginning Reasons for American Rebellion England was controlling, Americans fought with the British Army but were treated as inferior, it was feared that Britain would inhibit religious freedom, heavy taxation, no official representation, feared that Britain would block westward expansion, and local government was already functioning Sons of Liberty protest group headed by Samuel Adams that incited the Revolution Boston Massacre March 5, 1770, soldiers fired on a crowd and killed 5 people Committees of Correspondence set up throughout the colonies to transmit revolutionary ideas and create a unified response The Boston Tea Party December 6, 1773; Sons of Liberty, dressed as Mohawks dumped tea into the harbor from a British ship to protest the tea tax