ELA MOCA Questions and Answers Graded A

ELA MOCA Questions and Answers Graded A Concepts of Print Are understandings about how print works- that printed words represent spoken words, have boundaries, are read from left to right, and so on. Emergent literacy Consists of reading and writing behaviors that evolve from children's earliest experiences with reading and writing and that gradually grow into conventional literacy. Invented spelling Is the intuitive spelling that novices create before learning or while learning the conventional writing system. Invented spelling is also known as temporary, developmental, or transitional. Print conventions Refer to generally accepted ways of putting words on a page, such as arranging words from left to right and using capital letters and end punctuation. Language Experience Is an approach to literacy teaching in which one or more groups of students dictates the story, which is then used as a basis for reading and writing instruction. Pre-alphabetic In this stage students use letters but don't realize the letters represent sounds. Alphabetic Stage This stage is also known as the letter name stage because students use the names of letters to figure out the sounds they represent. The name for B for instance contains its sound. Consolidated Alphabetic This stage is sometimes known as the within word pattern or orthographic stage because students are beginning to see patterns such as final e and double vowel letters. Phoneme Is the smallest unit of sound that distinguishes one word from another. Pit is different from pat because of the difference in the phonemes /i/ and /a/ Phonemic Awareness Is the ability to recognize and manipulate individual speech sounds in spoken language . Syllable Is a unit of phonological structure that is smaller than a word. Metaphor A figure of speech in which a writer characterizes one subject by equating it with a second, different kind of subject (doesn't use comparison words such as like or as) Simile Uses words of comparison such as like or as. Phonological Awareness Is the consciousness of the sounds and words. It includes the ability to detect rhyme and separate the sounds in words. It is a broad term and includes the concept of phonemic awareness. Segmenting Is dividing a word into its separate sounds.- cat is /k/ /a/ /t/ Phonics Is the study of speech sounds related to reading. Full Alphabetic Students begin to process all letters in the words. Digraphs When two letters are used to spell a single sound. These double letters are known as digraphs- ph, th, sh, & ch Cluster Is composed of two or more letters that represent two or more sounds, such as the br in broom ( Cluster is also known as a blend) Short Vowel Are the vowel sounds heard in cat, pet, sit, hot, and cut Long Vowel Are the vowels sounds heard in cake, sleep, pie, boat, and use. (It says its name) Onset Is the initial part of a word the part that precedes a vowel. The onset could be a single consonant (C+at) Rime Is part of a word that rhymes and refers to the ook in look or the ow in cow. Analytic Approach Involves studying sounds within the context of the whole word so that /w/ is referred to as the "sound heard at the beginning of wagon" Sight Word Is one that is recognized immediately. High-frequency words Are words such as the, of, and them that appear in printed material with a high rate of occurrence. Automaticity Refers to tasks that can be performed without attention or conscious effort. Syllabication Is the division of words into syllables. In reading, words are broken down into syllables phonemically, according to their sounds (gen e rous, butt er) Haiku 5-7-5 and about nature Closed Syllable A vowel is short when followed by a consonant Schwa -uh (short U) Diphthong A vowel sound produced when the tongue moves or glides from one vowel sound toward another vowel sound in the same syllable. Ways to develop fluency Repeated reading, paired reading, automated reading, choral reading, and readers' theatre. Cognates Are words that are similar in both languages, have a common derivation and share a common meaning. (Pronunciation may differ) Homophones Are words that have the same sound but differ in meaning. May or may not have the same spelling; bee, be, him, hymm Types of writing Argumentation, exposition, narrative, descriptive Morpheme The smallest unit of meaning. The word nervously has 3 morphemes; nerv(e)-ous-ly Expository Information Homographs Are two or more words that have the same spelling but different meanings. Bark- dog bark- tree Narrative Telling a story Descriptive Uses the 5 senses Argumentation/ persuasive Argues a point, sells something, point-of-view Limerick poetry 5 lines AABBA Cinquain poetry 5 line 2,4,6,8,2 syllables Alliteration The occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of closely connected words. 5 ways we read words Predicting, sounded out, chunked, read by analogy, and recognized immediately The big 5 Phonics, phonemic awareness, vocabulary, comprehension, & fluency 6 traits of writing Voice, Organization, Ideas, Conventions, Excellent word choice, sentence fluency (voices) 6 language arts Reading, speaking, listening, writing, visually represent, viewing Graphophonemic The relationship between symbols (letters and words) and sounds of language. Grapheme A symbol, letter, or combo of letters that represents a single sound Etymology The study of words or word parts Decoding The ability to analyze a new word by sounding it out Writing process Planning, drafting, revising, editing, and publishing Phonological awareness The understanding and ability to hear individual words, syllables, and sounds in spoken language apart from print The alphabetic principle The understanding that words are composed of letters that represent sound Reading comprehension Derive and construct meaning Writing Conventions Spelling, grammar, capitalization, and punctuation. Orthography Spelling pattern Phonemic awareness Ability to hear and use individual units of sound, or phonemes, in words. Phonics Relationship between letters and their sounds Prosody The way a student orally reads words and sentences; it includes clarity, emphasis, tempo, and innotation. Major component of reading fluency. *Link between word recognition and comprehension Emergent Literacy Strategies Read aloud daily, ask questions about the story (main idea, characters), allow children to access high quality books, discuss various authors and their purpose of writing, and encourage students to experiment with writing. Early Reader Strategies Read aloud, allow students to work in small groups with other children, literature circles, hold class discussions, allow children to access high quality books, discuss the author of the books/stories, and provide and use daily word games. Early Fluent Strategies Allow student to read orally or silently frequently, practice comprehension strategies, read aloud, book orientation strategies, discuss purpose for writing, and utilize technology. Phonics and word recognition skills Skills that help students dissect/separate new words into parts so they can determine the pronunciation and meaning. Strategies that can be used to enhance oral language development Giving children many opportunities to talk, provide a risk-free environment, working in small groups, opportunities to listen or participate in poetry, songs, and chants, have students name and then describe various objects, utilize appropriate technology, play picture games, and use show-and-tell. Phonological Awareness activities Read aloud daily, discuss parts of the book, have students make up funny/nonsense sentences, have students clap for each word in the sentence, provide many rhyming activities and games, utilize various media, and read nursery rhymes. Fluency can be measured through... Oral reading Strategies that help with fluency Model reading, rereading aloud, supervised oral reading, provide numerous reading material, provide adequate materials on different levels of reading, utilize choral reading, make reading exciting and fun, readers' theater, and develop literature circles.