C458 NUTRITION – NUTRIENTS 2024 LATEST UPDATE

Carbohydrates Simple sugars, derived from foods like sugar and honey, or complex carbohydrates, derived from foods like cereals and potatoes. Proteins Protein molecules contain amino acids, and are divided into essential and nonessential proteins. Essential must be provided in the diet. Nonessential are synthesized by the body. Lipids Organic compounds that don't dissolve in water. Classified into triglycerides (stored energy, insulation), phospholipids (component of all cell membranes) and sterols (cholesterol). Fats Also called triglycerides, fats are solid at room temp. They contain fatty acids and are the most concentrated source of energy in the diet. Oils Also called triglycerides, oils are liquid at room temp. They contain fatty acids and are the most concentrated source of energy in the diet. Minerals Inorganic compounds like calcium, phosphorous, potassium, etc., found in milk, cheese, fruits, poultry, table salt, green veg, whole grains. Vitamins Organic compounds (either fat soluble or water soluble) required by every part of the body to maintain health and prevent disease. They foster growth, maintain health, immune and digestive systems. Organic Compounds Compounds containing carbon, typically found in biological systems. Inorganic Compounds Compounds considered not organic, or synthesized by geological systems. Cholesterol Cholesterol is made by the liver and used to build cell membranes, brain and other nervous tissue. Cholesterol helps produce steroid hormones for blood sugar regulation, salt and water balance and bile acid production. How do vitamins, minerals and nutrients enable proper function of the body? Vitamins, minerals and nutrients are all substances found in food (not synthesized by the body) and essential to support life functions. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? Saturated fats are "saturated" with hydrogen atoms. Unsaturated fats are missing hydrogen atoms. What are antioxidants? How do they aid in the proper function of the human body? Antioxidants act as scavengers, binding to free radicals ("leftovers" from oxidation process) and preventing them from causing damage. Nutrients Substances in food needed to support life functions. Calorie (Kilocalorie) The amount of heat energy required to raise the temp of one kg of water one degree Celsius. Basal metabolism The minimum amount of energy needed to maintain essential bodily functions (i.e. temp, muscle tone, respiration) when at rest. Amino acids Building blocks essential for performing many bodily functions. They provide calories, but also help build, repair and maintain tissues, and play a role in manufacturing blood, enzymes, hormones, milk and antibodies.