NSG 316 Topic 5 & 6 Questions and Answers Solved Correctly

CN 1- olfactory test - o With person's eyes closed, occlude one nostril and present familiar aromatic substance -e.g., coffee, orange, vanilla, soap, or peppermint CN II- optic test - o Test visual acuity (eye exam chart) and visual fields by confrontation (peripheral vision) CN III, IV, and VI- oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves - eye lid blink pupils (size, regularity, equality, direct and consensual light reaction, and accommodation) eye up, down, side to side movement, cross eyed nystagmus - involuntary rapid eye movements - back-and-forth oscillation of eyes pendular movement - oscillations move equally left to right jerk movement - a quick phase in one direction, then a slow phase in other assessment of nystagmus: amplitude - degree of movement: fine, medium, or coarse assessment of nystagmus: frequency - constant, or fades after a few beats assessment of nystagmus: plane of movement - horizontal, vertical, rotary, or combination CN V- facial test - -palpating temporal and masseter muscles as person clenches teeth -with person's eyes closed, test light touch sensation by touching a cotton wisp to designated areas on person's face: forehead, cheeks, and chincorneal reflex - blinking in response to corneal stimulation by a cotton wisp, Þ Tests sensory afferent in cranial nerve V and motor efferent in cranial nerve VII (muscles that close eye) CN VII- facial test - -request to smile, frown, close eyes tightly (against your attempt to open them), lift eyebrows, show teeth -puff cheeks, then press puffed cheeks in, to see that air escapes equally from both sides (taste on anterior 2/3 is not routinely tested) CN VIII- Vestibulocochlear test - o Test hearing acuity by ability to hear normal conversation and by whispered voice test CN IX and X- glossopharyngeal and vagus test - -Depress tongue with tongue blade, and note pharyngeal movement as person says "ahhh" or yawns; -Gag reflex-Touching posterior pharyngeal will induce; voice should sound smooth, not strained CN XI- accessory test - o Ask person to shrug shoulders against resistance CN XII- hypoglossal test - o Inspect tongue; no wasting or tremors should be present o Note forward thrust in midline as person protrudes tongue o Ask person to say "light, tight, dynamite," and note that lingual speech (sounds of letters l, t, d, n) is clear and distinct anosmia - decrease or loss of smell bilaterally hemianopia - Visual defect that affects half of visual field what are the developmental changes in the neuro system of the agin adult - Atrophy with steady loss of neuron structure in brain and spinal cord o loss of weight /volume with thinning of cerebral cortex, o reduced subcortical brain structures, ando expansion of the ventricles Decreased Velocity of nerve conduction in older adults leads to - reaction time slower Delay at synapse in older adult leads to - diminished sensation of touch, pain, taste, and smell