ABA( Applied Behavior Analysis) questions and answers graded A+

ABA( Applied Behavior Analysis)ABA - correct answer Behavior analysis focuses on the principles that explain how learning takes place. Positive reinforcement is one such principle. When a behavior is followed by some sort of reward, the behavior is more likely to be repeated. Through decades of research, the field of behavior analysis has developed many techniques for increasing useful behaviors and reducing those that may cause harm or interfere with learning. Applied behavior analysis (ABA) is the use of these techniques and principles to bring about meaningful and positive change in behavior. ABA METHODS SUPPORT PERSONS WITH AUTISM IN A VARIETY OF WAYS: - correct answer -- Teach skills to replace problem behaviors. So your child can learn what "to do," not just what "to stop doing." -- Increase positive behavior and reduce the interfering behavior. For example, reinforcement procedures increase on-task behavior or social interactions and reduce behaviors like self-injury or stereotyping. --Maintain behaviors. For example: Teaching self-control and self- monitoring procedures to maintain and generalize job-related social skills -- Change responses to your child's behavior. These responses could unintentionally be rewarding problem behavior. -- Increase your child's academic, social, and self-help skills. -- Improve ability to focus on tasks, comply with tasks, and increase motivation to perform. -- Aim to improve cognitive skills. Helps your child be more available for learning. -- Generalize or to transfer behavior from one situation or response to another (For example, from completing assignments in the resource room to performing as well in the mainstream classroom). Pivotal Response Training (PRT) - correct answer is a naturalistic, loosely structured, intervention that relies on naturally occurring teaching opportunities and consequences. The focus of PRT is to increase motivation by adding components such as turn-taking, reinforcing attempts, child-choice, and interspersing maintenance (pre-learned) tasks. It takes the focus off of areas of deficits and redirects attention to certain pivotal areas that are viewed as key to a wide range of functioning in children. Four pivotal areas have been identified: (a) motivation, (b) child self-initiations, (c) self-management, and (d) responsiveness to multiple cues. It is believed that when these areas are promoted, they produce improvements in many of the non-targeted behaviors. The "Early Start Denver Model" is an early behavioral intervention model appropriate for children as young as 18 months of age. This model has a strong emphasis on Pivotal Response Training. Functions of behavior - correct answer are sensory stimulation, escape, access to attention and access to tangibles. Sensory Stimulation - correct answer "A person's own movements/actions feel good to that individual. For example, a child twirls his or her hair as they sit for an extended amount of time. If twirling hair gives that individual the sensory input they are seeking, then hair twirling will continue." Escape - correct answer "Something is (or signals) an undesirable situation and the person wants to get away from it. For example, a therapist says, 'Wash your hands,' and the learner runs out of the bathroom." Access to attention - correct answer Someone desires for access to social interaction(s). For example, the child screams, 'Look at me!' If screaming gets access to attention, then screaming will continue." Access to tangibles - correct answer "Someone wants access to a specific item or activity. For example, Michelle takes the iPad away from Aaron, so Aaron pinches her. If pinching gets access to the iPad, then pinching will continue." Redirection - correct answer An ABA behavior reduction technique used to distract the child from a problem behavior, or lead them to engage in a more appropriate behavior than the one they are currently engaging in. Redirection isn't intended to replace the need for a FBA and Behavior Plan to extinguish a problem behavior. Extinction Procedure - correct answer An extinction procedure is essentially an intervention that makes a behavior occur less often or stop occurring altogether. Extinction procedures apply the "principle of extinction" which proposes that because behaviors occur for a reason - they get us things we want - if we stop getting what we want after we engage in a certain behavior then that behavior will eventually stop occurring because it no longer serves any purpose for us.