ESS 120 FINAL EXAM- UTK EASH STUDY QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED SOLUTION GRADED A

Is soil science also studied in other academic settings? - Art Where did Donnie Smith work? - CEO of Tyson What/where is Mesoamerica? - -a cultural region, the Maya and Aztec empires -Central Mexico into Central America (Honduras) Know what tools he used to get where he is today (Donnie Smith) - -communication skills -being able to work w people -having desire to see others succeed When was the peak of the Maya civilization? - 800 AD What soil order is commonly the site of most disaster cleanups related to water? - entisols Soils have many uses which are sometimes conflicting. Explain 2 conflicting land uses? - farming housing Are your chickens happy? - -huge animal welfare advocate -it is important animal needs are met -steadily have gotten more productive the last 4-5 years -no animals are productive with abuse -can't tell if they're happy but can measure stress hormones How does deforestation and erosion = Climate change? - -deforestation takes away soil protection which leads to erosion which leads to climate change -when the trees are cut/burned CO2 is released which leads to global warming (trees are cut because of the increasing population) wars between competing tribes mean -less food grown -differences not resolved -trade stopped What are the two most common soil orders found in TN? What are soil forming factors critical to their development? - alfisols (younger, more productive) and utisols (older, less productive) time and biota How has shift towards organic affected production as a whole? - -5% is organic out of total food -compared to average growth only 2% of growth for food production is organic How does deforestation impact climate? - -carbon is released and raises atmospheric temperature -less humidity means a weaker ozone layer and more radiation penetrates the Earth causing rising temperatures which melt ice and raise water levels What is albedo? Explain how albedo changes with deforestation? - -albedo= proportion of the incident light or radiation that is reflected by a surface typically that of a planet or moon (reflectants) -changes the way heat reflects off a surface What soil order is the most productive in the world? - mollisols Major changes in meat industry? - -everything is computerized/controlled -quality/knowledge has increased -no antibiotics What is the youngest soil order? - entisols Thoughts on lab grown meat? (Beyond meat) - -meat substitutes and lab grown meat is what a lot of people bank on these technologies and approaches -Beyond Meat opened to market 9 months ago and already has a market value of 14 billion dollars The South had more water supply problems but they had higher annual rainfall. Why? - -water table too deep because of topography changes with more mountains and greater population -surface elevation increase going South and allows them to reach water tables -they dug holes or reshaped natural depressions What caused the shrinking of the Aral Sea? What crop caused it? Any analogus situations in the US? Why is the subsidence post significant? - -irrigation -cotton -subsidence post in FL -organic soils have been drained; soil gradually settles and lowers resulting in the top soil becoming even with the soil surface Can genetically modified organisms potentially lead to another famine with the right presence of disease? How does this pertain to food security? - - GMO's: tech has been developed over 25 years and there has been no proof to suggest that it has come to harm people -Donnie is pro-GMO -must be careful with technology but there are few/no alternatives to feed the population without them What is Karst topography? - -porous limestone that has dissolved forming sink holes and caves -formed from acid rainfall What is one hypothesized reason for the downfall of the Maya? What evidence supports this hypothesis? - -from cutting down trees to heat limestone 1. exhausted their environment and resources due to over population 2. constant warfare among competing city states For antibiotics, what methods are being used to reduce their use and dangers? - -science is incomplete regarding their total usage -as an industry, they are looking to find alternatives b/c so expensive -no economic reason to pumping antibiotics b/c no market benefits to that behavior What soil order will catch fire and why? Explain how the subsidence post is important to measuring the sustainability of this land use. - -histosols because they are high in organic matter -when soil is being drained away and withered away it takes away from the quality, quantity, sustainability of the soil FDA standards for antibiotic regulation - -each drug used has a series of data collection on its qualities and usage -Tyson only administers antibiotics with vet script -antibiotics are water soluble so after they are on antibiotics there is a 10 day buffer period before they are handled so as to guarantee that there are no remaining antibiotics in their system What is slash and burn agriculture? - cut down trees and burn surface remains Explain how land and commodity prices are related as well as land use practices based upon recent commodity prices - -as product price increases, price will fluctuate