NR 302 FINAL EXAM

NR 302 FINAL EXAM Pupillary light reflex Both pupils should constrict when you shine a light in the eye Consensual constriction The simultaneous response of one pupil to the stimuli applied to the other PERRLA Pupils Equal Round Reactive to Light Accommodation Congenital cataracts clouding of the lens that is present at birth Red light reflex Glowing red color that fills the pupil as light from the ophthalmoscope reflects off the retina, no shadows or dots interrupting the red reflex; should be elicited from birth. Pregnancies effect on eyes - Eyes become dry - Should not be fitted for glasses or contacts Aging effects on eyes - not as many tears - more inclined for cataracts, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration Presbyopia Problems of the aging eye, especially loss of near vision related to a decreased ability of the lens to accommodate to objects close to the eye. Far to near vision Glaucoma increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision 3X higher in Blacks Cataracts Leading cause of curable blindness Glaucoma Not curable but treatable with eye drops Diabetic retinopathy disease of the retina in diabetics characterized by capillary leakage, bleeding, and new vessel formation (neovascularization) leading to scarring and loss of vision Diabetic retinopathy Leading cause of non-curable blindness Retinal detachment floaters and flashes of light. curtain vision Diplopia Double vision Excessive tearing Caused by irritants or one of the tear ducts is blocked up Prednisone or other steroids can cause what disease over long periods of time? Glaucoma Macular degeneration loss of central vision not curable; could be genetic Snellen eye chart Tool for assessing far vision Person stands 20 feet away and uses one eye at a time How to properly write down the snellen eye chart RIght 20/30 -1 (missed one, with glasses) Corneal Light Reflex (Hirschberg Test) reflection of the light on the corneas, should be in the exactly same spot on each eye assymetry indicates deviation in alignment from eye muscle weakness or paralysis Nystagmus involuntary, jerking movements of the eyes ; quivers Conjunctivitis inflammation of the conjunctiva (pink eye) Myopia nearsightedness; lack of foresight Hyperopia farsightedness; difficulty seeing close objects when light rays are focused on a point behind the retina Strabismus crossed eyes or squint Ptosis drooping of the eyelid; usually caused by paralysis Ex. Sylvester stalone Blepharitis inflammation of eyelid, causing redness, crusting, and swelling along lid margins Chalazion a nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland Hordeolum Stye; staph infection of the eye Iritis inflammation of the iris; deep dull red halo around the iris and cornea warrants immediate referral Allergic Conjunctivitis inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by allergens in the air Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma acute narrow angle glaucoma shows circumcorneal redness around the iris, with a dilated pupil Papilledema (choked disc)