A&P II FINAL EXAM STUDY questions and answers well illustrated.

A&P II FINAL EXAM STUDY questions and answers well illustrated. Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular __________. a. ions b. deactivators c. second messengers d. nucleotides - correct answers.c. second messengers Chemical Substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are called ___________. a. proteins b. antibodies c. hormones d. enzymes - correct answers.c. hormones The master gland of the endocrine system is the_________. a. endocrine b. pituitary c. adrenal d. thyroid - correct answers.b. pituitary The secretion of hormones in response to changing blood levels of ions is known as _____. a. neural stimulus b. hormonal stimulus c. humoral stimulus d. ionic stimulus - correct answers.c. humoral stimulus The hormone that has the greatest effect on the metabolic rate is _____________. a. growth hormone b. aldosterone c. thyroid d. cortisol - correct answers.c. thyroid When blood glucose levels fall, the pancreas releases ________. a. insulin b. melatonin c. glucose d. glucagon - correct answers.d. glucagon When parathyroid hormone is released a. blood calcium levels fall b. osteoclasts are activated c. calcitonin is inhibited d. calcium channels are blocked - correct answers.b. osteoclasts are activated The cells with the most receptors for growth hormones are a. liver b. nerves c. bones d. blood vessels - correct answers.c. bones Steroid hormones influence other cells by a. activating cyclic AMP b. entering the nucleus of the cell and altering the expression of the gene c. binding specific receptors and activating G proteins d. stimulating the uptake of glucose - correct answers.b. entering the nucleus of the cell and altering the expression of the gene The major plasma protein is a. thrombin b. albumin c. fibrin d. fibrinogen - correct answers.b. albumin This type of leukocyte produces antibodies a. neutrophil b. eosinophil c. monocyte d. lymphocyte - correct answers.d. lymphocyte Which of the following is not a phase of erythropoiesis a. synthesis of hemoglobin b. production of vacuoles c. ejection of the erythrocyte nucleus d. production of ribosomes - correct answers.b. production of vacuoles Red blood cells contain ___% hemoglobin a. 50 b. 82 c. 97 d. 100 - correct answers.c. 97 Which of the following is not a function of blood a. controlling endocrine glands b. transporting oxygen c. distributing heat d. producing antibodies - correct answers.a. controlling endocrine glands What organ in the body regulates erythropoeisis? a. brain b. kidney c. pancreas d. liver - correct answers.b. kidney Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis? a. vascular spasm b. fibrinolysis c. coagulation d. platelet plug formation - correct answers.b. fibrinolysis The first phase of erythrocyte production is a. hemoglobin synthesis b. ejection of the nucleus c. ribosome synthesis d. reticulocyte formation - correct answers.c. ribosome synthesis All blood cells develop from a. hemocytoblasts b. ejection of the nucleus c. myeloid stem cells d. lymphoid stem cells - correct answers.a. hemocytoblasts Which of the following cells could develop from a lymphoid stem cell? a. lymphocyte b. erythrocyte c. monocyte d. any blood cell - correct answers.a. lymphocyte The life span of a red blood cell is about a. 4 days b. 4 weeks c. 4 months d. 4 years - correct answers.c. 4 months After hemoglobin is broken down, what part of it enters the liver and becomes bile, which helps us digest food? a. globin b. bilirubin c. heme d. ferritin - correct answers.b. bilirubin Which of the following structural characteristics contribute to the function of red blood cells a. bi-concave shape b. they contain mostly hemoglobin c. spectrin in their plasma membrane d. all of the above - correct answers.d. all of the above If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that ________. a. the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart b. the heart rate would increase c. parasympathetic stimulation would increase, causing a decrease in heart rate d. the heart would stop, since the vagal nerves trigger the heart to contract - correct answers.b. the heart rate would increase the critical factor controlling stroke volume is a. preload b. afterload c. contractility d. sympathetic stimulation - correct answers.a. preload Isovolumetric contraction ________. a. occurs only in people with heart valve defects b. occurs while the AV valves are open c. occurs immediately after the aortic and pulmonary valves close d. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers - correct answers.d. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers