CMN279 Latest Update with Complete Solutions

CMN279 Latest Update with Complete Solutions communication theory a system of ideas for explaining communication rhetoric the use of language to persuade an audience semantics the study of the words and symbols we choose semiotics the study of how meaning is assigned and understood cybernetics the study of how information is processed and how communication systems function message any type of oral, written, or non-verbal communication that is transmitted by a sender to an audiance sender the participant in a communication transaction who has an idea and communicates it by encoding it in a message. encoding the act of converting ideas into code in order to convert a written, an oral, or a non-verbal message channel a communication pathway or medium over which a message travels. receiver the participant in a communication transaction for whom a message is intended and who decodes the message by extracting meaning from it. decoding the act of extracting meaning from spoken, written, and non-verbal communication feedback the receivers response to a message that confirms if the original message was received and understood. noise any form or psychological interference that distorts the meaning of a message. communication barriers problems that can affect the communication transaction, leading to confusion or misunderstanding channel overload the inability of a channel to carry all transmitted messages information overload a condition whereby a receiver cannot process all messages because of their vast numbers emotional interference a psychological factor that creates problems with the communication transaction semantic interference interference caused by ambiguity, jargon, language or dialect differences, or different ways of assigning meaning bypassing misunderstanding that results from the receiver interfering a different meaning from s message based on the different meanings of the words that are used. physical and technical interference interference external to the sender and receiver ex. cell service dropped mixed messages conflicting perceptions of a signal or message that may result in miscommunication channel barriers inappropriate choices of channel that impede communication environmental interference interference that results from preconceptions and differing frames or reference. dyadic the form of communication that involves a group of two emotional intelligence the ability to be in touch with one's own emotions, manage one's emotions displays, and understand and respond to the emotions of others to foster strong interpersonal relationships. non-verbal behaviours gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, and posture that convey feelings, attitudes and other information proxemics the study of the use and perception of space chronemics the study of the use and inter pretence of time in non-verbal communication paralanguage (vocalics) (38%) non-verbal qualities of communication body language (55%) non-verbal communication conveyed by gestures, posture, eye contact, and facial expressions internal communication communication takes place within an organization external communication communication with audiences who are apart of an external environment active listening listening that demands close attention to a message's literal and emotional meaning and a level of responsiveness that shows the speaker the message was both heard and understood. formal communications network a system of communication sanctioned by organizational management informal oral network unofficial internal communication pathways, also known as grapevines, that carry gossip and rumours-sometimes accurate, sometimes not formal communication channels official internal communication pathways that facilitate the flow of information through an organizations hierarchy upward communication flow the movement of information from subordinates to superiors downward communication flow the movement of information from superiors to subordinates horizontal communication flow the movement of information that enables individuals at the same organizational level to share ideas and exchange information culture the shared values, customs, and patterns of behaviour of a particular group or society, including its rules, beliefs language and structures ethnocentrism the tendency to make false assumptions, based on limited experience, that one's own cultural or ethnic group is superior to others high-context cultures cultures in which communication depends not only on the explicit wording of a message but also on the message's surrounding context. low-context cultures cultures that favour direct communication and depend on explicit verbal and written messages exclusive of context contextual factors elements of a writing task, such as the situation, the organizations procedures, and the readers, that influence the writer's choices at every step. genres the agreed-upon forms of writing that develop in response to recurrent situations and that allow users to act purposefully in a particular activity register the level of formality gauged to a specific purpose and social setting discourse community a group of communicators who share a goal or an interest in adopting a way of participating in a public discussion, including the use of particular genres, registers, and terminology exigence the motivation or reason for speaking out urgently on a topic or an issue audience individuals with an interest in reacting to the exigence the receivers and decoders of a message constraints the restrictions or limitations on what can be said and the factors shaping the content and presentation of the message, which can affect audience response. Important of Message Planning -only have one change to get your message across with the most impact -purpose-driven: effective business communication is carried to the fullest. -audience focused: shape your message to your audience, get to know the audience - concise: word economy, only amount on words that is needed to get the message across, no additional sentences, clear and concise. prewriting the process of gathering ideas and establishing the purpose, audience and channel for a message purpose your reason for communicating and the objectives your message is meant to achieve scope the breadth or limitations of a documents coverage audience analysis and adaptation the process of assessing the needs and knowledge of readers and listeners and adapting messages accordingly primary audience secondary audience the intended reciever of a message; the person or person's who will use or act on a message's information anyone other than the primary audience who will receive the message and be affected by the action or decision it calls for. reader benefits the advantages the reader stands to gain by complying with what the writer is proposing credibility the extent to which you are viewed as believable, based on your competence, ethical character, and caring for others. medium or channel the physical means by which an oral or written message in transmitted richness the quality of containing plentiful types of cues by which meaning can be derived from a message brainstorming a method od generating content by listing ideas as they come to mind mapping or clustering a method of generating content by visualizing the main topic and its sub categories journalistic questions 5 W's that form inquiries market research the process of gathering information about how people will react to current or proposed products and services freewriting a method of generating content based on unstructured writing and the recording of ideas as they come to mind intimate distance 18 inches personal distance 18 inches to 4 feet social distance 4-12 feet chunking the grouping of items of information together to be remembered as a unit netiquette the informal code of conduct governing polite, effeicient, and effective use of the internet. flaming venting through text to another person distribution list a group of email recipients addressed as a single recipient, allowing the sender to email many users without entering their individual addresses. goodwill message a message that enhances the value of a business beyond its tangible assets by creating a bond of friendship and establishing trust and mutual understanding between the writer and the recipient. kinesics Kinesics is the interpretation of body motion communication such as facial expressions and gestures, nonverbal behavior related to movement of any part of the body or the body as a whole.