Hondros Bio 254 Final Questions With
Complete Solutions.
Slower Answer- The Endocrine system is a major controlling system in the body that
works ________ than that of the Nervous System.
Nervous System Answer- Other major body system that acts to maintain
homeostasis.
Hormones Answer- The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called?
nerve impulses Answer- The nervous system uses _________ to communicate.
circulatory system Answer- What system transports hormones throughout the body?
Receptors Answer- All cells do not respond to endocrine system stimulation. Only
those that have the proper _________ on their cell membranes or within their
nucleus are activated by the hormone.
Target cells Answer- The responsive cells of various endocrine hormones are
called?
Protein or Peptide Answer- Most hormones are what kind of molecule?
fat soluble Answer- There are a few hormones made out of what type of molecule?
Second messenger Answer- Non-steroid hormones must activate a ________ to
work within the cell as they are not able to cross the cell membrane.
DNA expression Answer- Steroid hormones cause changes to _______ because
their target is within the nucleus.
negative feedback Answer- The secretion of most hormones is regulated by what
kind of system, causing increasing levels of hormones to "turn off" its stimulus?
Anterior Pituitary Answer- The master endocrine gland because it regulates so
many other endocrine glands?
Hypothalamus Answer- Anterior Pituitary is controlled by releasing hormones
secreted by the what?
Insulin Answer- Hormone necessary if glucose is to be taken up by
cells.
,PTH (parathyroid hormone) Answer- Hormone that regulates blood calcium level,
released when levels drop.
Aldosterone Answer- Mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium
reabsorption by the kidney.
Prolactin Answer- Necessary for milk production after child birth.
Thyroid Hormone (T3, T4) Answer- Hormone(s) that regulates Basal metabolic rate.
growth hormone Answer- Stimulates body cell division and increases length
of bones
epinephrine and norepinephrine Answer- Two hormones released by the adrenal
medulla.
Iodine Answer- Element essential for proper production of thyroid
hormones (T3/T4)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Answer- Pituitary hormone that regulates water
reabsorption by the kidney.
Glucagon Answer- Hormone that increases the breakdown of
glycogen by the liver.
Oxytocin Answer- Hormone that causes contraction of the uterine
wall muscles.
Cortisol Answer- Glucocorticoid released during prolonged stress
response.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Answer- Hormone that acts on the ovary to
stimulate the
production of estrogen.
Calcitonin Answer- Hormone that acts on osteoblasts to lower blood
calcium levels.
luteinizing hormone (LH) Answer- Hormone that stimulates the ovary to release the
egg.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Answer- Hormone that stimulates the thyroid
gland
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Answer- hormone that stimulates the adrenal
cortex to secrete larger amounts of hormones
Testosterone Answer- Known as the male sex hormone
Progesterone Answer- Hormone that stimulates vascularization of the
, endometrium
Estrogen Answer- Known as the female sex hormone
skin and mucosa Answer- The "first line of defense" in innate immunity
Inflammation mediators Answer- Histamine, kinins, and interleukins are examples of
innate immunity Answer- A type of immune mechanism that provides a general
defense by acting against anything recognized as non-self
Cytokines Answer- Chemicals released from cells to trigger or regulate innate and
adaptive response
self-tolerance Answer- The ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or
foreign cells but spare our own normal cells
Neutophils Answer- The most numerous type of phagocyte
Macrophages Answer- What do we call a phagocytic monocyte that migrates out of
the bloodstream?
immunoglobulins Answer- Antibodies are proteins of the family
immunoglobulin M Answer- The predominant class of antibody produced after initial
contact with an antigen (primary immune response)
active immunity Answer- Generally lasts longer than passive immunity.
tumor markers Answer- Abnormal antigens or ______________________
_________________ are present in the plasma membrane of some cancer cells in
addition to self-antigens.
adaptive immune Answer- Helper T cells and suppressor T cells help regulate
_______________________________ function by regulating B cell and T cell
function.
naturally acquired passive immunity Answer- A fetus receives protection from the
mother through what immunity?
Artificially acquired active immunity Answer- Vaccinations provide what type of
immunity?
allergy Answer- Hypersensitivity of the immune system to an environmental antigen
specific immunity Answer- Adaptive immunity is also known as?
lymphotoxin Answer- A powerful poison that acts directly and quickly to kill any cell it
attacks.
Complete Solutions.
Slower Answer- The Endocrine system is a major controlling system in the body that
works ________ than that of the Nervous System.
Nervous System Answer- Other major body system that acts to maintain
homeostasis.
Hormones Answer- The endocrine system uses chemical messengers called?
nerve impulses Answer- The nervous system uses _________ to communicate.
circulatory system Answer- What system transports hormones throughout the body?
Receptors Answer- All cells do not respond to endocrine system stimulation. Only
those that have the proper _________ on their cell membranes or within their
nucleus are activated by the hormone.
Target cells Answer- The responsive cells of various endocrine hormones are
called?
Protein or Peptide Answer- Most hormones are what kind of molecule?
fat soluble Answer- There are a few hormones made out of what type of molecule?
Second messenger Answer- Non-steroid hormones must activate a ________ to
work within the cell as they are not able to cross the cell membrane.
DNA expression Answer- Steroid hormones cause changes to _______ because
their target is within the nucleus.
negative feedback Answer- The secretion of most hormones is regulated by what
kind of system, causing increasing levels of hormones to "turn off" its stimulus?
Anterior Pituitary Answer- The master endocrine gland because it regulates so
many other endocrine glands?
Hypothalamus Answer- Anterior Pituitary is controlled by releasing hormones
secreted by the what?
Insulin Answer- Hormone necessary if glucose is to be taken up by
cells.
,PTH (parathyroid hormone) Answer- Hormone that regulates blood calcium level,
released when levels drop.
Aldosterone Answer- Mineralocorticoid that regulates sodium
reabsorption by the kidney.
Prolactin Answer- Necessary for milk production after child birth.
Thyroid Hormone (T3, T4) Answer- Hormone(s) that regulates Basal metabolic rate.
growth hormone Answer- Stimulates body cell division and increases length
of bones
epinephrine and norepinephrine Answer- Two hormones released by the adrenal
medulla.
Iodine Answer- Element essential for proper production of thyroid
hormones (T3/T4)
antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Answer- Pituitary hormone that regulates water
reabsorption by the kidney.
Glucagon Answer- Hormone that increases the breakdown of
glycogen by the liver.
Oxytocin Answer- Hormone that causes contraction of the uterine
wall muscles.
Cortisol Answer- Glucocorticoid released during prolonged stress
response.
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Answer- Hormone that acts on the ovary to
stimulate the
production of estrogen.
Calcitonin Answer- Hormone that acts on osteoblasts to lower blood
calcium levels.
luteinizing hormone (LH) Answer- Hormone that stimulates the ovary to release the
egg.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) Answer- Hormone that stimulates the thyroid
gland
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Answer- hormone that stimulates the adrenal
cortex to secrete larger amounts of hormones
Testosterone Answer- Known as the male sex hormone
Progesterone Answer- Hormone that stimulates vascularization of the
, endometrium
Estrogen Answer- Known as the female sex hormone
skin and mucosa Answer- The "first line of defense" in innate immunity
Inflammation mediators Answer- Histamine, kinins, and interleukins are examples of
innate immunity Answer- A type of immune mechanism that provides a general
defense by acting against anything recognized as non-self
Cytokines Answer- Chemicals released from cells to trigger or regulate innate and
adaptive response
self-tolerance Answer- The ability of our immune system to attack abnormal or
foreign cells but spare our own normal cells
Neutophils Answer- The most numerous type of phagocyte
Macrophages Answer- What do we call a phagocytic monocyte that migrates out of
the bloodstream?
immunoglobulins Answer- Antibodies are proteins of the family
immunoglobulin M Answer- The predominant class of antibody produced after initial
contact with an antigen (primary immune response)
active immunity Answer- Generally lasts longer than passive immunity.
tumor markers Answer- Abnormal antigens or ______________________
_________________ are present in the plasma membrane of some cancer cells in
addition to self-antigens.
adaptive immune Answer- Helper T cells and suppressor T cells help regulate
_______________________________ function by regulating B cell and T cell
function.
naturally acquired passive immunity Answer- A fetus receives protection from the
mother through what immunity?
Artificially acquired active immunity Answer- Vaccinations provide what type of
immunity?
allergy Answer- Hypersensitivity of the immune system to an environmental antigen
specific immunity Answer- Adaptive immunity is also known as?
lymphotoxin Answer- A powerful poison that acts directly and quickly to kill any cell it
attacks.
