HAZMAT TECHNICIAN PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE VERIFIED SOLUTIONS 2023|GUARANTEED SUCCESS

HMT shall be able to analyze plan implement terminate Biological hazards Microoganisms, bacteria, viruses, that may cause severe, disabling disease or illness can be transferred from blood or other bodily fluids Corrosivity Hazards Materials that destroy living tissue and damage or destroy metal Acids or bases Explosivity rapid release of energy or rapid release upon activation Reactivity the ability of a substance to go through a chemical change Radioactivity non ionizing --> ionizing Three types of energy Explosivity Reactivity Radioactivity Flammability materials susceptibility to ignite flammability determines incident strategies and tactics Oxygen concentration amount of oxygen in a given system like blood or in liquid or gas 19.5-23.5 normal below 19.5 deficient above 23.5 enriched Thermal hazards Heat- temperature extremes, fires/explosions involving flammable liquids/explosive materials can cause burns cold- lack of heat, cryogenic, liquified gases, cold atmospheric temperatures Toxicity chemical or biological substances that cause sickness or illness damage of the molecular scale when in contact w the body Gases mostly sink and displace air while only a few rise and float above Before monitoring activity 1. purpose 2. anticipated reading Hazardous Solids will usually not travel far unless blown by wind or dispersed by explosion Hazardous Liquids vaporize, expand rapidly potentially travel great distances Hazardous Gases expand rapidly, fill enclosed spaces and may travel great distances can kill quickly if inhaled Selection & maintenance of detection & monitoring devices include: mission suspected hazards involved portability and user friendliness Instrument Reaction Time ranging from seconds to minutes between the time detected and display of reading Sensitivity and selectivity Some instruments will detect lower concentrations than others, while others will only detect very specific materials. Responders must consider how well the instrument will detect the desired chemical or chemical family and to what degree. Calibration Most instruments need prior to use, per AHJ and manufacturer recommendations temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure affects this process ALWAYS refer to manufacturer Calibration Test (Bump test) - Ensures that sensors function appropriately for alarms and other functions - Does not test the accuracy of the sensor Zeroing Resetting an instrument read at normal (baseline) levels in fresh air. Steps for identifying an unknown atmosphere Radioactivity Flammability/Combustibility Oxygen availability Corrosives Toxics Exothermic reactions Oxidizers Radiation- Roetgen Rem- large amounts of radiation mrem- small doses Roetgen=rad=rem rem-Roentgen Equivilent Man Roetgen only measures gamma/Xray radiation absorbed dose (rad) unit used to measure the amount of energy absorbed in any material applies to all radiation does NOT take potential effect into account SI system International System of units based on the metric system and units derived from the metric syste Gray (Gy) and Siverts (Sv) Radiation Detectors Gas-filled and Scintillators Gas filled detectors Radiation ionizes gas inside detection chamber & instruments electronics measure quantity of ions created. Iron chambers & Geiger-Mueller (GM) detectors are common Ion chambers affected by temperature and humidity responses directly proportional to the intensity of the radiation, making them reliable instruments when encountering radiations with varying energies GM dector or GM tube Temperature and humidity do NOT typically affect detectors because they are sealed from ambient air, sealed metal body that detects gamma metal case makes this type of probe less suitable for use in detecting radiological contamination Scintillation detectors Radiation interacts with crystal such as sodium iodide, cesium iodide, or zinc sulfide to produce very small flash of light. Electronics of instruments amplify this light pulse thousands of times in order to produce useful signal Mylar covering Most useful when detection of very small amounts of radiation is required Monitoring & personal dosimetry devices useful for keeping track of total accumulated radiation dose. Like an odometer on a car, it measures total amount of those received commonly used "self-reading" Self-reading dosimeter (SRD) Measure the radiation dose gamma and Xray Direct Reading Dosimeter Pocket Ion Chamber Pencil dosimeter Flammables most fire service responders are already familiar w devices such as Combustible Gas Indicators (CGIs) -% of the Lower Explosive Limit (%LEL) -parts per million CGIs used for detecting flammables or LEL -LEL meters will sound at 10% - may need specific oxygen levels to function properly wheat stone bridge Oxygen meters percentage of oxygen in air. Below 19.5% oxygen, atmosphere is considered oxygen deficient & IDLH (requiring use of SCBA). Above 23.5%, atmosphere is considered oxygen-enriched, presenting potential threat for fire & explosion. 20.9 indicates that a containment in the air is displacing the oxygen Corrosive readings pH paper and pH meters concentration of hydronium or hydroxide ions in a solution Corrosive Strength The number of hydrogen ions or hydronium ions produced in respect to the original concentration of the acid, determines the _________ of an acid or base the higher the number, ______ the acid and the more corrosive it will be relative to the other acids of equal concentration pH paper designed to change color when it comes into contact with corrosive materials provides a scale Fluoride Test Paper pinkish red paper turns yellowish white pH Meters use electrical charge as a means of measuring pH, much more accurate rinsing the probe in distilled water before/ calibration exothermic reaction hazardous material in a container begins to polymerize, it will produce heat (infrared thermometers) -rising temps--> reaction Toxic many different technologies detect ________ materials longer the duration, the most dangerous it is bigger concentration, the more danger LD and LC LD for amounts ingested, absorbed or injected LC for amounts inhaled The bigger, the more dangerous LD50 median lethal dose Lethal Dose Low or LDL0= lowest administrated dose of a material capable of killing a test species Incapacitating Dose the dosage of a chemical or substance reqired to incapacitate that organism expressed similarly to lethal dose or concentration incapacitated= moderate-severe ID50- incapacitates 50% ID10- incapacitates 10% Photoionization Detectors (PIDs) Does not measure flammability measures Toxicity ultraviolet lamp to ionize samples of gaseous materials