GVPT 241: Quiz 5 Study Guide (2023/2024) Already Passed

GVPT 241: Quiz 5 Study Guide (2023/2024) Already Passed Which of the following is NOT a reason why the fact of global poverty is a moral problem, according to Pogge? The problem will solve itself with a growing international economy How does the logic of liberalism point towards a cosmopolitan conception of justice? Liberalism entails an abstract conception of the individual According to Frye, which of the following is an example of oppression, as opposed to disadvantage? Constructed barriers that segregate low income neighborhoods In Rawls's Original Position, the Veil of Ignorance temporarily blinds oneself of one's identity and one's dis/abilities. Ignorance of one's dis/abilities leads to which principle of justice, according to Rawls? The Difference Principle According to the Capabilities Approach to social justice, when is inequality acceptable? After everyone is at the minimum threshold of capability for each functioning Libertarians and capitalists have made the 'surfer's critique' of Rawls' Difference Principle. The main point of this criticism is that: The state should not subsidize the lives of people who choose not to work What is the main challenge for equality of opportunity, as a goal of social justice? To fully realize, everyone would need to have equal 'quality' genes, and the same uniform upbringing The modern practice of toleration has its roots in: The modus vivendi practiced at the end of the 30 Years War Which of the following is NOT a core aspect of all forms of feminism? A commitment to focusing on the sameness between men and women, not the differences Mill's Principle of Liberty, or 'harm principle' is "that the sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection. That the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others." (On Liberty) This principle is an example of what kind of theory of liberty? Negative Asserting that it is rational for one to submit to the laws of the state is an example of what type of theory of political obligation? hypothetical consent How do community-based theories of political obligation differ from consent-based theories? They do not consider obligation to be voluntary/one is born into the obligation Which of the following would be considered a limitation to a purely negative conception of liberty? Physical restraints/it rejects all forms of social power as limits What is a consequence of negative liberty theorists, like Hayek, insisting that only intentional acts can limit liberty? poverty does not make someone unfree Which of the following claims is NOT a condition of autonomy, according to most positive liberty theorists? A minimalist government - the size of government is irrelevant, and more government intervention might be necessary to maintain the three conditions. The classical republican conception of liberty is characterized as: Not being subject to the arbitrary will of others - being free is not simply about the absence of restraints, it is also about not being subject to possibility of restraint. In Chapter III of On Liberty about individuality, Mill's primary concern is: Unjustified moral coercion exercised by individuals and institutions - Mill was primarily concerned with morally disparaging harmless actions. Which of the following is not a psychological tendency that enables social media companies to threaten our individuality and autonomy, according to Saetra? Attention deficit disorder - the inability to focus one item for any amount of time - attention deficiencies might reduce the time spent on any one social media platform De Tocqueville's "tyranny of public opinion (or the majority)" is a phrase that describes what widespread practice he observes in the early United States? Individuals conforming to the preferences of the democratic majority - Yes, similar to Mill's individuality, de Tocqueville was concerned about individuals second-guessing their preferences when they were unpopular. Which of the following is an argument that Mill makes in defense of individuality? Individuality expressed by large numbers of people promote social progress - correct, Mill argues that individuality facilitates social progress, and implies that brings maximum happiness. What is the major consequence of the failure of the right of exit from minority cultures, according to Okin? That illiberal practices within minority cultures should not be tolerated If a theory of punishment is about achieving certain goals, like rehabilitation or deterrence, it belongs to which broad strategy? Consequentalist How are the state punishments from state penalties, according to Feinberg? The express resentment and reprobation The modern practice of toleration has its roots in... The end of the 30 years War Which of the following is one of the challenges for pragmatic (or self-interested) justifications of toleration, according to Feldman? Free riders or the collective action problem Which pair are the two main strategies of multiculturalism? Assimilation and integration The practice of tolerating minority cultures that are fully compatible with the liberal state is known as: Thin multiculturalism The observation that some good minority groups must work harder to achieve the same level of basic goods as other minority groups (or the majority culture) underpins which theory of multiculturalism? Differentiated citizenship How do community-based theories of political obligation differ form voluntarist theories of political obligation? They do not consider obligation to be voluntary What is a consequence of negative liberty theorists, like Hayek, insisting that only the intentional acts of other people count as restriction on liberty? Failure in market competitions do not restrict one's liberty Robert Dahl's theory of democratic pluralism states that: Interest groups dominate in their policy areas. Single member district voting, where the country is divided up into districts which conduct their own elections, has the tendency to: over-represent majority parties in the legislature Mill refers to Hare's system of voting as "personal representation", because: If every voter ranks enough candidates, then every voter will directly contribute to the election of a member of the legislature. Which is a reason that Caney thinks the Human Rights Assessment framework (HRA) is superior to the costs-benefits analysis (CBA) for assessing the effects of climate change? the CBA is about aggregates, and is not sensitive to the distribution of costs and benefits. Which of the following is a consequentialist (or instrumentalist) justification for human rights? HRs maintain the minimum conditions for autonomy Which of the following is NOT an instrumentalist (or consequentialist) justification for democracy? egalitarian- democracy treats voters equally The social contract, in Hobbes' theory of absolute sovereignty, is: between the people What is the main challenge for equality of opportunity, as a goal of social justice? To fully achieve, the state would have to 'equalize' everyone's genes. The observation that some minority groups must work harder to achieve the same level of basic goods as other minority groups (or the majority culture) underpins which theory of multiculturalism? differentiated citizenship Which of the following would be considered a limitation to a purely negative conception of liberty? physical coercion