TEFL FINAL EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS ALREADY GRADED A+

Three main approaches to teaching English 1. Direct Method 2. Communicative Approach 3. Task Based Approach What is the aim of The Direct Method The aim is for accuracy and to sound as much as possible like a native English speaker. What does the Direct method focus on? Pronunciation and Grammar (Structural Approach) Generally speaking, what is the Direct Method? It is basically drilling and memorizing the English language. Students develop word and sentence repertoires to use in real life situations. Strength of Direct Method It helps the learners pronounce sentences correctly. Weakness of Direct Method Does not aid in building fluency and the ability to communicate in an unscripted way. Generally speaking, what is the Communicative Approach? The Communicative approach is more student centric and the teacher acts more as a facilitator. Lots of group work, and encourages individuality and self expression. What is the aim of The Communicative Approach Fluency over accuracy Strengths of Communicative Approach It allows students to experiment with the new language and focuses on the communicative aspect of language. Weakness of Communicative Approach Not as much emphasis on grammar Generally speaking, what is the Task-Based Approach? The Task-Based Approach is a subsection of the Communicative Approach. You usually use the Communicative Approach to complete tasks. Usually done with older students. Examples of Task-Based Approach -You have $80 and are trying t o barter for $100 worth of clothes. Talk to seller -Visiting a doctor -Conducting an interview -Calling customer service for help Strength of the Task-Based Approach Builds fluency Weakness of the Task-Based Approach Sacrifices accuracy CultureRoute Methodology Learners engage in interactive and meaningful communication. The teacher is a facilitator. Content must be Interesting and relevant to students Topics vs themes 1. Topic: work, Theme: My Dream Job 2. Topic: Action Verbs, Theme: Batman Battles Crime 3. Topic: Weather, Theme: Giant Storms 4. Topic: Doctor, Theme: Spiderman Goes to The Hospital 5. Topic: Items in Bedroom, Theme: Superstar's Bedroom You want to pick things your students are interested in Warmer Short, fun and relevant (to the overall theme) games and activities that pique the students' interest about the lesson. It helps them burn off excess energy and gives other students time to get to class if they're running late so they don't miss any of the lesson. What are the 3 P's? 1. Presentation 2. Practice 3. Production Presentation This is where teachers introduce the new vocabulary and grammar point via flash card or real item, and goes through drilling exercises with students. The teacher speaks about 75% of the time, demonstrating the words. Accuracy is very important Practice Teachers introduce new sentence structures and practice those structures. Students practice using words or structures in a controlled way. Teachers talk 40/60 What does written work focus on? Accurate form and structure. What is very important in the Practice Phase? Accuracy Production Production involves self-expression and creativity. The activities should be as communicative as possible. I mainly reinforces focus of the lesson. Teachers talk 10/90 Production activities must: - Involve self-expression. The idea is that if students use the language to express themselves, the language would be deeply embedded. -Allow students to be creative -Reinforce the focus of that lesson What does the Production stage focus on? Fluency (teacher listens for mistakes, but corrects at the end) Wrap-Up (Cooler) It should be a short, simple activity that allows the students to leave class feeling positive with smiles on their faces Benefits of The 3 P's -The 3 P's framework provides structure and guidelines for a successful lesson in terms of presenting language and showing ho wit is used in context. - Focuses on accuracy as well as fluency, drawing from all three established schools of thought. Presentation and Practice phases draw heavily from what method? The Direct Method, which is focused on accuracy and pronunciation Production Phase draws heavily from what method? The Communicative and Task-Based Approach, encouraging use of the language in a freer, more natural way. Adjustments of The 3 P's - Teachers do not need to use the 3 P's in the order they are outlined here. - Teachers may also want to break the 3 P's approach into smaller units or chunks for beginners or youth The three main ways that people learn 1. Visually (They learn by watching) 2. Auditory (They learn by listening) 3. Tactile (Kinesthetic learners learn by doing) What is the importance of knowing different learning styles? Your activities should incorporate all 3 learning styles for maximum effort. One example of catering to different learning styles would be in the introduction of vocab during the presentation phase of the lesson Ways to introduce vocabulary -Flash cards -Pictures -Mosaic Student Motivation -Obligation -Advancement -Survival -Culture -Tourism/travel -Fun Two types of Motivation Intrinsic and Extrinsic What is Extrinsic Motivation? Participating in an activity in order to obtain a reward or avoid a punishment. Performing an activity to gain something or to avoid a certain outcome. Outside factors What is Intrinsic Motivation? Taking part in an activity because it is personally rewarding. Doing an activity because the person enjoys it. Are young learners more intrinsically or extrinsically motivated? Young learners tend to be more extrinsically motivated, so the attitude of the teacher is paramount. What should form the basis of early lessons? Numbers, time, days, months, colors, greetings and basic instruction. Early teens have how long of an attention span? 15 minutes Practice activities with young learners -Start to work with drilling and repetition -Facilitate practice with fun games and activities Young learners still seek approval from ______________, but... teacher, but prone to misbehavior Young learners love what kind of environment? Tactile Environment: drawing, models, arts and crafts Develop what kind of lessons for young learners? That are consistent with the lifestyle, aspirations and interest of teenage learners. Lessons should be planned around themes like music, movies, best friends and vacations, even if the vocab or topic isn't specifically related. You should consider what in lesson planning? Cultural values and topics like family, friends, festivals and fun tend to resonate more with the students Teaching older teens They value peer approval over teacher approval. Therefore, the teacher can be viewed in a negative light Older teens and confidence They tend to have low confidence, causing: -shyness to participate -peer pressure Older teen range of proficiency and motivation These classes contain a wide variety Adult beginners They are perhaps the easiest to teach. They usually have high levels of intrinsic motivation and often succeed quickly