Ethics Midterm questions with verified solutions 2023 passed

Ethics MidtermEthics - correct answer the philosophical study of moral values and rules Normative - correct answer How people ought to behave (morality) Descriptive - correct answer How people do behave (observation) Divine Command Theory - correct answer Any position in ethics which claims that the rightness or wrongness of actions depends on whether they correspond to God's commands or not. Sound Argument - correct answer A valid argument in which all of the premises are true Justification - correct answer the act of defending or explaining or making excuses for by reasoning Rationalization - correct answer Explanation of an act that may or may not have been right, to convince yourself you were right Ethical Theory - correct answer Examines the different principles, ideas, systems, and philosophies used to make judgments about what is right and wrong and good and bad. Two types of ethical theories: 1. utilitarianism 2. Kant's Moral Theory Motive - correct answer cause for action Act - correct answer Doing something Consequentialist Theory - correct answer A theory asserting that what makes an action right is its consequences (the ends of an action) Non-Consequentialist Theory - correct answer Judges an action based on the motives for doing it as opposed to the consequences that will follow this action. (All the actions leading to a ends must be just) Relativism - correct answer (philosophy) the philosophical doctrine that all criteria of judgment are relative to the individuals and situations involved (takes situation into account) Objectivism - correct answer a metaethical theory that states that ethical claims refer to objective facts about the world, not to cultural norms or personal preferences; there are UNIVERSAL STANDARDS of right and wrong Individual Relativism - correct answer The belief that right and wrong change from person to person Social Relativism - correct answer truth is relative to societies or cultures, not individuals. Truth depends on what a society believes, not on the way things are. what's true for one society may not be true for another Situational Differences - correct answer Determine whether a deviation from normal should be considered based on a certain situation Absolutism - correct answer No exceptions to any ethical rule, ignores situational differences (Gandhi was an absolutist against violence) Logic - correct answer reasoned and reasonable judgment Inductive Logic - correct answer A type of reasoning in which general principles are inferred from specific experiences (specific to general) Deductive Logic - correct answer Conclusion is drawn from general observations to specific conclusion (General to Specific)