SPCE 611; Sections 1 -2 Questions and Answers Rated A

SPCE 611; Sections 1 -2 Questions and Answers Rated A What is the goal of science? To fully understand the phenomena being studied. Events are related in systematic ways to other factors. Determinism. An organism's interaction with the environment that's characterized by a displacement of space through time that results in a change in at least one part of the environment. EX: Picking up a pencil from the ground. Behavior. What are the dimensions of ABA? Applied, behavioral, analytic, technological, conceptually systematic, effective, and generality. Action of an organism's effector. EX: A smile. A group of responses with the same function. EX: Opening a bag. Response and response class. An energy change that affects an organism through its receptor cells. A group of stimuli with predetermined set of common elements in one or more dimension. Stimulus and stimulus class. Behavior increases in the future when something is added. EX: Student gets a sticker after finishing homework. Positive reinforcement. Behavior increases in the future when something is taken away. EX: Putting your seat belt on [the beep goes away]. Negative reinforcement. Conditioned: Paired with event after behavior...can be reinforcing or punisher. EX: Student gets in trouble and peers laugh, so student continues to get in trouble to make others laugh [attention]. Unconditioned: Can increase future freq of beh. without pairing EX: Food Conditioned and unconditioned reinforcement. Something added to decrease behavior in the future. EX: Teacher calls on student to answer question. Student does not participate in other classes due to attention. Positive punishment. Something taken away to decrease behavior in the future. EX: Someone tells a dirty joke and no one laughs. He stops telling dirty jokes. Negative punishment When a discriminant operant occurs at a higher freq in the presence of come antecedent conditions than others. EX: Alarm clock goes off = get out of bed. Alarm clock does not go off= stay in bed. Stimulus control. Three-term contingency. Antecedent, behavior, consequence. Behavioral contingency. New stimuli elicits response. EX: Before conditioning, dog does not salivate when there's a bell but salivates when it sees food. After conditioning, dog salivates when bell and food is paired. Respondent conditioning. Baby cries - mom holds baby - baby stops crying. Operant conditioning paradigm. The idea that simple, logical explanations must be rules out before more complex explanations are considered. Parsimony. Which branch of behavioral analysis focuses on basic research? Experimental analysis. The approach to understanding behavior that assumes that a mental dimension exists. Mentalism. The defining characteristic of ABA that focuses on investigating socially significant behaviors Applied. The defining characteristic of ABA that demonstrates experimental control over the occurrence and non-occurrence of behavior Analytic. The controlling variables of primary importance in ABA are located here. Environment Respondent behavior is elicited by... Antecedent stimuli Operant behavior is emitted by... By the individual. An example of respondent conditioning. Conditioned reflexes. Operant behavior is selected by... Consequences. A descriptive and temporally sequenced account of behavior in the natural environment. Anecdotal observation. What states that a target behavior should only be selected when it can be determined that the behavior will produce natural reinforcement? The relevance of behavior What determines the degree to which a person's behavior repertoire maximizes short and long term reinforcers for the individual and minimizes short and long term punishers? The principle of habilitation. Behavior that exposes an individual to new contingencies, reinforcers, and stimulus controls. Behavior cusp The dimensional quantity of duration Temporal extent The procedure that measures behaviors after it has occurred by measuring its effect on the environment. Permanent product This is the purpose of behavior assessments Figure out the client's problem and change it for the better Using a variety of methods to identify and define target behaviors. Behavioral assessment What are the methods of obtaining assessment info? Interviews, checklist, observation, and tests. When the client's behaviors improve and change their life for the better. Social validity Instances of a response class can occur repeatedly through time Repeatability When does the behavior start with respect to other events. Temporal locus