SPCE 630 Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass

SPCE 630 Exam 1 Questions and Answers 100% Pass Inconsistent implementation of condition protocols refers to which threat to internal validity? procedural infidelity Which level of scientific understanding includes observation and accurate description of phenomena? description Which level of scientific understanding refers to observing the correlation between two variables? hypothesis Which level of scientific understanding refers to reliable change produced by change in the IV? control SCRD differs from group design in that the participant serves as their own control Articles in which researchers report the findings of original research are primary research Articles in which the authors summarize the findings of other researchers are review articles Articles that report statistical analyses from existing research are meta analyses Duration recording is a suitable data collection method for all of the following behaviors except number of times a student engaged in physical aggression Event recording is used to measure behaviors that have a clear beginning and end do not occur at a frequency that is too high to count are brief and temporary Variables manipulated by researchers are known as Independent variables Well-designed applied research studies should include systematic study of behaviors in typical environments The committee responsible for examining proposed studies to ensure human participant safety and ethical compliance is the IRB Respect for persons, beneficence, and justice are the ethical principles outlined in the belmont report The same level of risk a participant would encounter in daily life is minimal risk Maximizing potential benefits while minimizing potential harm is beneficence Which of the following is not a function of a literature review? presenting a clear and concise summary of the paper the methods section of a research article provides a detailed operation description of how the study was conducted the relevance of a study's data is outlined in the discussion the five sections of a final report in order are abstract, introduction, method, results, discussion Which type of recording samples behavior occurrences and provides an estimate of the actual occurrences of the behavior? discontinuous recording When using MTS, occurrences of the target behavior are recorded if the behavior occurs at the end of the interval If observers do not agree on behavior occurrences when collecting data (low IOA), which common problems could be present? observer bias, error, observer drift Whole interval recording tends to underestimate behavior occurrences Which type of validity refers to whether or not the measurement procedures accurately reflect the target behavior being measured? construct validity Reliability and validity refer to the same concept false Which of the following is the best example of a non-reversible dependent variable? reading sight words Researchers can write non-examples of target behaviors in order to help increase treatment integrity Which type of IOA is calculated when researchers only look at intervals either or both observers did NOT observe the target behavior? unscored-interval IOA Which is a measurement of whether the intervention was conducted as intended? treatment integrity Measurement of procedural fidelity does all of the following except Helps cilnicians avoid emphasizing "train and hope" The extent to which experimenters trained implementers as planned is known as implementation fidelity the degree to which procedures of all experimental conditions are implemented as intended is known as procedural fidelity Summative analysis of treatment procedural fidelity increases which type of validity? Internal Common ways to measure treatment integrity include checklists, self-reports, direct systematic observation A 5-year-old boy diagnosed with ASD started receiving ABA services. Which of the following is NOT a stakeholder in the evaluation of social significance? His BCBA When measuring social validity, which of the following are more subject to bias? participant/stakeholder judgements What type of evidence should procedural fidelity provide? adherence and differentiation Teaching socially important goals does which of the following? teaches patients to engage in behaviors valued by society helps improve participant quality of life helps improve quality of life of those who interact with participants The null hypothesis states that any difference in the groups is due to chance Results of group design yield a statistical relationship between the IV/DV Researchers want to determine if sleep deprivation affects exam scores in college students. The researchers plan to calculate a test statistic. Which would be a more appropriate study design Group design Researchers want to know if providing noncontingent attention will reduce a 3-year-old's attention-maintained physical aggression. The researcher will use visual analysis. Which would be a more appropriate study design? Single case research design Measures of central tendency include which of the following (check all that apply mean, median, mode Measures of dispersion include which of the following (check all that apply): standard deviation, variance, range Steps of sampling include which of the following (check all that apply) defining the population defining the sample determining the sample size needed (use power and effect size) determining the method for pulling the sample Which type of sampling error refers to a lack of true understanding of the population researchers want to study? population error Which type of sampling error refers to the wrong sub-population being used to select the sample? selection error Which statistical considerations are used to determine the sample size needed for a study? power, effect size, rejection criteria Critics of single case research design methodology argue that results cannot generalize outside of the study due to too few participants Replication is the ability to repeat the effect of which of the following dependent variable Within-study direct replication includes all of the following EXCEPT treatment package administration What distinguishes clinical replication from direct replication? experimenters administering a treatment package The number of variables that change between studies will determine the extent of: generality Failure to replicate the findings of a study reveals its: limitations Successful systematic replication leads to greater evidence of (check all that apply) reliability, generality Which type of replication is the repetition of an experiment by the same experimenter? direct replication Which type of replication involves conducting a series of studies and incorporating systematic change? systematic replication Purposes of replication involve which of the following (check all that apply): assessing internal validity finding exception assessing external validity Which of the following is NOT a defining feature of SCRD? participants are split into a control group and treatment group How many replication attempts must SCRD contain in order to meet evidence standards? three Which of the following designs minimally meets the standards for demonstrating an intervention effect? ABAB How many data points should each phase in SCRD ideally include? 5 According to Horner et al. (2015), dependent variables are selected for their (check all that apply): importance to the participant, importance to those who come in contact with the participant, importance to society As scientist practitioners, behavior analysts are responsible for (check all that apply): actively reading the literature evaluating data for the decision making producing new data to contribute to the larger scientific community Which of the following is used when describing results for group designs? statistical significance Which of the following is used when describing significant differences between baseline and intervention conditions at the individual level? clinical significance Applied research differs from basic research by all of the following EXCEPT: studying participants' behavior within laboratory settings When graphing data, the dependent variable is identified by which of the following? ordinate When graphing data, the independent variable is identified by which of the following? abscissa Which of the following are used to measure relative behavior change? semi-logarithmic charts When using bar graphs, the height of the bar indicate the _____________ of the data? magnitude When data are not collected continuously, what should be placed on the x-axis? scale break Condition change lines are dotted and used to indicate major changes within an experimental condition false Which form of data is often reported in tables? participant demographics Variations of line graphs include: multiple dimensions of the same behavior An effective graph presents data (check all that apply without distortion without bias clearly completely accurately a guess about what the data would show if there is no change in the experimental conditions prediction the data trend show the IV may have had an effect on the DV affirmation the data trend show there is a cause-effect relation between the IV and DV at the simplest level verification the data trend repeats the effect that the IV has on the DV, increasing the researcher's confidence that a functional relation exists between the IV and DV replication Phase A1 on graph prediction Phase B1 on graph affirmation Phase A2 on graph verification Phase B2 on graph replication Phases on graph A1 (baseline or prediction) B1 (affirmation) A2 (verification) B2 (replication)