Certified Stroke Rehabilitation Specialist (CSRS 2023) Questions With Complete Solutions

Types of stroke (Lesson 2) correct answer: Ischemic: 87% -Thrombotic -Embolic -Lacunar Hemorrhagic: 13% -Intracerebral -Subarachnoid Thrombotic Stroke (Ischemic) correct answer: 48% of all strokes -typically occurs during sleep -slow progressive onset of deficits -50% are associated with prior TIA Embolic Stroke (Ischemic) correct answer: 26% of all strokes -typically occurs while awake -sudden, immediate deficits (sometimes seizures) -11% are associated with prior TIA Lucunar Stroke (Ischemic) small vessel disease correct answer: 13% of all strokes -small infarct (>15-20 cm) deep in the brain -onset can be gradual or sudden -23% associated with proceeding TIA -often pure sensory or motor symptoms -typically no higher cortical functional involved Intracerebral Hemmorhage (ICH) correct answer: 10% of all strokes -90% happen with the patient is under "no stress" -major cause of "hypertension" -onset may be gradual or sudden -8% are associated with prior TIA -direct correlation with high blood pressure/ hypertension Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) correct answer: 3% of all stroke -occurs often during strenuous activity -cause: rupture aneurysms and vascular malformations -sudden onset -7% are associated with preceding TIA Left Stroke with Right Hemiplegia correct answer: -Language/Perceptual problems -expressive aphasia -receptive aphasia -global aphasia -alexia, agraphia , acalculia -apraxias: motor planning perceptual problems (Impaired verbal and math skills with word letter discrimination Left Stroke with Right Hemiplegia (BEHAVIORS) correct answer: -Slow, anxious, cautious, normal attention span -underestimated abilities -emotionally labile ( abrupt mood changes) -quick to anger and/or become frustrated Right Stroke with Left Hemiplegia correct answer: Perceptual problems/ Distortion of physical reality -visual spatial disorders :depth perception -constructional relationships -directional concepts -neglect, drawing abilities -body schema perception disorders; -perceptual language disorders language Right Stroke with Left Hemiplegia (BEHAVIORS) correct answer: -fast and impulsive -short attention span -overestimate abilities/ judgement -denial of illness (anosognosia) -lack of inhibition -inability to express emotions /affect is flat Cerebrum correct answer: -frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes -consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure -responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body. initiates and coordinates movement and regulates temperature. Other areas of the cerebrum enable speech, judgment, thinking and reasoning, problem-solving, emotions and learning. Frontal Lobe correct answer: -controls voluntary movement -thinking problem solving -reasoning judgement -personality Primary Motor Cortex (motor homunculus) correct answer: -located on the pre-central gyrus -controls voluntary movement -lesion to this area results in motor deficits and/or paralysis to the contralateral side of the body Premotor Cortex correct answer: -located just anterior to the primary motor cortex -controls actions of trunk and proximal limb muscles -responsible for body part ownership -lesion to this area result in unilateral neglect Supplementary Motor Cortex correct answer: -located medial to the primary motor cortex -motor planning region -stores motor memories and directs activity of primary motor cortex -lesion may result in apraxia Broca's Area correct answer: Controls language expression - an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech. -Speech motor area (expressive) -located only in the left side of the brain in 90% of people -can be flipped with left -handed people Wernike's Area correct answer: language comprehension -located in the left hemisphere in 90% of people -important for understanding language including: verbal sign and written language -corresponding area contralaterally responsible for interpretation of nonverbal communication -damage results in receptive aphasia ( Parietal Lobe correct answer: A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch. -perception -processing of sensation -spatial awareness Somatosensory Cortex -Sensory Homunculus correct answer: area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations (Brodmann area 1,2, 3a and 3b) -located on the postcentral gyrus -perceives pain, temperature, pressure -touch, vibration, and proprioception Parietotemporal Association Cortex correct answer: located: -posterior and inferior portion of the parietal lobe -overlaps parietal and temporal lobe -involved in abstract thought, reading and writing -mathematics, spatial perception -understanding written language (angular gyrus) Occipital Lobe correct answer: A region of the cerebral cortex that processes visual information -contain two important regions -Primary Visual Cortex -Visual Association Area Primary Visual Cortes ( Occipital Lobe) correct answer: Responsible for: -visual perception -receiving visual input from the contralateral visual field Damage results in: -hemianopsia: injury on one side -cortical blindness : bilateral injury -qudrantanopia: anopia affecting a quarter of the field of vision. (describes defects confined mostly to approximately one-fourth of an eye's visual space) Visual Association Area (Occipital Lobe) correct answer: Located anterior to the primary visual cortex Responsible for: -interpretation of visual stimuli (spatial perception & recognition of faces) Damage results in: