Biology Questions and Answers Graded A

Biology Questions and Answers Graded A photosynthesis Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy. products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen photosynthesis equation(very important) 6CO2 + 6H2O --> light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2 chloroplasts A structure in the cells of plants and some other organisms that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food. glucose another name for sugar C6H12O6 sunlight main source of energy cellular respiration C6H1206->CO2 + H20+ ENERGY (released) goal is to create ATP occurs in all living things cell mitochondria An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work the energy is stored in ATP until it is released by the reactions remove a phosphate from ATP a simple way of remembering it is just that it's just energy Photosynthesis The process by which green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight and simple chemicals to produce their own food. Asexual reproduction Reproduction accomplished by a single organism. Sexual reproduction Reproduction that requires two organisms Inheritance The process by which physical and biological characteristics are transmitted from the parent (or parents) to the offspring. Mutation An abrupt and marked change in the DNA of an organism compared to that of its parents Hypothesis An educated guess that attempts to explain an observation or answer a question. Theory A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data. Scientific law A theory that has been tested by and is consistent with generations of data. Prokaryotic cell A cell that has no distinct, membrane-bounded organelles. Eukaryotic cell A cell with distinct, membrane-bounded organelles. Species A unit of one or more populations of individuals that can reproduce under normal conditions, produce fertile offspring, and are reproductively isolated from other such units. Taxonomy The science of classifying organisms. Binomial nomenclature Naming an organism with its genus and species name. Aerobic organism An organism that requires oxygen. Anaerobic organism An organism that does not require oxygen. Exponential growth Population growth that is unhindered because of the abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population. Logistic growth Population growth that is controlled by limited resources. Plasmid A small, circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium and can be reproduced separately from the main bacterial genetic code. Nucleus The region of a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell's main DNA. Vacuole