Biology; Macromolecules Questions and Answers Rated A

Biology; Macromolecules Questions and Answers Rated A What are the four Macromolecules? Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids The Monomer of Carbohydrates Monosaccharides (Galactose, Glucose or Fructose) The Monomer of Proteins Amino Acids The Monomer of Nucleic Acids Nucleotides The Monomer of Lipids Glycerol and Fatty Acid Chains (2-3) The Function of Carbohydrates Short-term or immediate Energy Source The Function of Lipids Long-term Energy Source The Function of Nucleic Acids Store and Transmit your Genetic Information The Function of Proteins 1. Controls the Rates of Reactions 2. Fights Diseases 3. Forms Cell Structures 4. Regulates Cell Processes 5. Transports stuff In/Out of the Cell Examples of Carbohydrates Monosaccharides - Glucose, Fructose Disaccharides Polysaccharides monosaccharides glucose, fructose disaccharides examples sucrose (glucose + fructose) maltose (glucose + glucose) lactose (galactose + glucose) examples of polysaccharides glycogen, starch, and cellulose Examples of Lipids Fats, Oils, Waxes, Lipid Steroids (cholesterol), triglycerides, phospholipids Examples of Proteins Enzymes, Hormones, Antibodies, Hemoglobin, Collagen, keratin Examples of Nucleic Acids DNA and RNA organic a molecule that contains carbon hydrogen bonds Four groups of organic molecules Carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids 1.A. What are the major elements of life? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, and nitrogen. 1.B. What properties of carbon explain carbon's ability to different large and complex structures? Carbon can bond to itself, has 4 valence electrons, causing strong covalent bonds to occur between carbon and another element. 2.A. Name four groups of organic compounds found in living things. Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. 2.B. Describe at least one function of each group of organic compound. Carbohydrates: main source of energy for plants and animals; proteins: regulation of cellular transportation of materials, cellular processes, formation of structures, and anti-bodies; lipids: storage of energy; storage or transmission of genetic information. 2.C. Why are proteins considered polymers but lipids not? Proteins have long chains of monomers, but lipids do NOT made up of components that make up a chain. 3.A. What atoms constitute the compound above? Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. 3.B. What class of macromolecule does the compound belong to? Carbohydrates dehydration synthesis forms polymers and a water molecule hydrolysis Divides a polymer into monomers through the addition of water Where do macromolecules get energy? macromolecules get energy from bonds polymer result of many monomers linking together (protein or peptide and amino acids or polypeptide) What makes up proteins? polymers made of amino acids (50-500 chains long) amino acid is also known as a...? peptide or protein What are nucleic acids made up of? hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, phosphorus monomer single molecule; small chemical unit that makes up a polymer 2 monosaccharides disaccharide Key ideas -All macromolecules are formed through dehydration synthesis -all covalent bonds -water breaks bonds and gives off energy through hydrolysis hydrolysis Requires water and releases energy Taking molecules apart Which is the only macromolecule that isn't a polymer lipid What does "acid" indicate? hydrogen ion is present Elements present in carbohydrates Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Elements present in proteins Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Elements present in lipids Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Elements present in nucleic acids Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Phosphorus Other name for Carbohydrate saccharides monosaccharide diagram of glucose disaccharide diagram of sucrose polysaccharide diagram of amylose amino acid structure diagram of saturated diagram of unsaturated diagram of nucleotide Dipeptides two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond Nitrogen bases in DNA Adenine Guanine Thymine Cytosine polymer and amino acid relationship Polymer is a protein aka peptide Lots of amino acids linked together Triglycerides carbohydrate structure Saturated Fatty acid consists of single bonds Unsaturated Fatty acid contains double bonds Which macromolecule speeds up chemical reactions? Protein (enzyme)