ASCP MB: Extra-Practice Questions 2023/2024

ASCP MB: Extra-Practice Questions 2023/2024 The Klenow fragment of E. coli DNA polymerase I is used: -CORRETCT ANSWER- to label DNA probes by random primer labeling. What is a solution hybridization method for the detection of nucleic acid:protein interactions? -CORRETCT ANSWER- gel mobility shift assay _____ involves mixing a labeled oligonucleotide with a protein extract to see if a specific interaction occurs, visible with an apparent increase in molecular size on a gel due to the protein:nucleic acid interaction. -CORRETCT ANSWER- Gel mobility shift assay Which probe is most often used to detect trisomy 21 by interphase FISH? -CORRETCT ANSWER- alpha satellite DNA probe _____ detect specific chromosomes and numbers of the specific chromosomes. - CORRETCT ANSWER- Alpha satellite DNA probe Which reagent generates a signal during the annealing stage of a quantitative real time PCR reaction? -CORRETCT ANSWER- molecular beacon Methylation of cytosine residues is involved in the alteration of gene expression in a number of cancers. Which sequencing technique is best suited to determine if methylation of cytosine residues has taken place in the promoter region of a given gene? -CORRETCT ANSWER- bisulfite sequencing _____ is a modified chain terminator method specifically designed to detect methylated nucleotides. -CORRETCT ANSWER- Bisulfite sequencing Which method is best suited to screen for mutations in a gene having multiple possible mutations? -CORRETCT ANSWER- single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) _____ is a screening test in which the exact nature of a mutation does not need to be known in order to detect the presence of a mutation. -CORRETCT ANSWER- Single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) What is the best method to rule out the possibility of genomic DNA giving a falsepositive result in an RT-PCR reaction? -CORRETCT ANSWER- use of upstream and downstream primers that span an exon-intron-exon region of the target *amplicaons generated from genomic DNA would be larger than the specific amplicon generated from a mature, spliced mRNA A common use for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is: -CORRETCT ANSWERepidemiological typing of bacterial strains. _____ after digestion of bacterial chromosomes with restriction enzymes is used to determine similarity between bacterial isolates. -CORRETCT ANSWER- PFGE A translocation in which chromosome pair creates a BCR/ABL1 fusion gene product associated with CML? a. 11;18 b. 14;18 c. 9;22 d. 9;14 -CORRETCT ANSWER- t(9;22) The presence of a distinct band along with the smear indicates at least 1% of the patient's B cells have a _____ of the Ig heavy chain. -CORRETCT ANSWERmonoclonal rearrangement A molecular-based test commonly used in testing donors and recipients prior to organ transplantation is: -CORRETCT ANSWER- sequence-specific PCR. _____ is commonly performed to determine polymorphisms in class I and class II HLADRB and HLA-DRQ genes. -CORRETCT ANSWER- Sequence-specific PCR DNA sequencing of hypervariable regions I and II is used to: -CORRETCT ANSWERdetect polymorphisms in human mitochondrial DNA. HV1 and HV2 are sequenced to determine _____. -CORRETCT ANSWERmitochondrial inheritance. Repeated discrepancies between patient identifiers will result in _____ -CORRETCT ANSWER- the error being documented to the laboratory supervisor and the risk manager will conduct a root cause analysis. An index of precision is statistically known as the: -CORRETCT ANSWER- coefficient of variation. The _____ is the measure of relative random error expressed as a percentage. - CORRETCT ANSWER- coefficient of variation The term used to describe reproducibility is: -CORRETCT ANSWER- precision. _____ is the degree to which results of multiple analyses of the same specimen agree. - CORRETCT ANSWER- Precision The process by which an agency or organization uses predetermined standards to evaluate and recognize a program of study in an institution is called: -CORRETCT ANSWER- accreditation. Using a common labeling system for hazardous material identification such as HMIS or NFPA 704, which hazard is represented by: the top red quadrant? the right yellow quadrant? the lower white quadrant? the left blue quadrant? -CORRETCT ANSWER- flammability reactivity special reactivity health If the HMIS or NFPA 704 hazardous material identification system has a number 4 in the left blue quadrant, it represents a: -CORRETCT ANSWER- high health hazard The ratings for the HMIS or NFPA 704 hazardous material identification systhem are 0- 4 with 0 being _____ and 4 being _____. -CORRETCT ANSWER- no hazard; most severe hazard Which chemical is a potential carcinogen? -CORRETCT ANSWER- formaldehyde When hazardous chemicals are transferred from the original appropriately labeled container(s) to a secondary container for immediate use by the person performing the transfer, it: -CORRETCT ANSWER- does not require labeling. A technologist spilled 10 gallons of formaldehyde on the floor. After determining the chemical poses a significant health hazard, the first action step would be to: - CORRETCT ANSWER- evacuate the area. One of the elements of a written laboratory chemical hygiene plan is to: -CORRETCT ANSWER- designate a laboratory chemical hygiene officer. When working with sharp equipment and objects, use a: -CORRETCT ANSWERmechanical device. Incident reports for occupational injury or illness should: -CORRETCT ANSWER- be filed for all incidents including near miss incidents. According to OSHA, what type of warning sign should be posted in an area where an immediate hazard exists and where special precautions are necessary? -CORRETCT ANSWER- red, black and white "Danger" sign All laboratory instruments should: -CORRETCT ANSWER- be grounded or double insulated. have safety checks performed initially, annually and whenever repairs are made. If areas of the laboratory are designated as "clean" or "contaminated," it is appropriate for a technologist to: -CORRETCT ANSWER- touch a "contaminated" area phone with ungloved hands if hands are washed afterward. Flammable and combustible liquids in containers greater than or equal to 5 gallons should be stored in a(n): -CORRETCT ANSWER- approved safety can. Flammable safety cabinets should not be vented to room air: TRUE or FALSE - CORRETCT ANSWER- TRUE A fire occurs in the laboratory. The first course of action is to: -CORRETCT ANSWERremove persons from immediate danger. An electrical equipment fire breaks out in the laboratory. Personnel have been removed from immediate danger, the alarm has been activated. What is the next action to be taken? -CORRETCT ANSWER- contain the fire by closing doors. A type A fire extinguisher is for _____ -CORRETCT ANSWER- paper, wood and plastic fires. Class A fires involve: -CORRETCT ANSWER- paper, wood, plastics Class B fires involve: -CORRETCT ANSWER- Flammable liquids (ie. grease, oil, xylene, alcohol) Class C fires involve: -CORRETCT ANSWER- electrical equipment Gloves worn in the laboratory for specimen processing must be removed and hands washed when: -CORRETCT ANSWER- answering the telephone in a designated "clean" area. It is essential to keep gloves on during specimen transportation, even through "clean" areas, such as hallways: TRUE or FALSE -CORRETCT ANSWER- TRUE Gloves must be changed after handling specimens from known isolation precaution patients: TRUE or FALSE -CORRETCT ANSWER- FALSE, unless known contamination has occured The safest method of disposing of hypodermic needles is: -CORRETCT ANSWERdiscard the needle in an impermeable container without other handling immediately after use. Precautions for health care workers dealing with patients or patient specimens include: - CORRETCT ANSWER- prompt cleaning of blood spills with a disinfectant solution such as sodium hypochlorite. Infection rate is highest for laboratory professionals exposed to blood and body fluids containing: -CORRETCT ANSWER- Hepatitis B Which of the following forms of exposure places a technologist at the highest risk for infection with HIV? -CORRETCT ANSWER- needle-stick The 3 modes of HIV transmission are through _____ -CORRETCT ANSWER- intimate sexual contact, contact with blood, perinatal Filters generally used in biological safety cabinets to protect the laboratory worker from particulates and aerosols generated by microbiology manipulations are: -CORRETCT ANSWER- HEPA filter After an accidental needle-stick with a contaminated needle, the first action should be to: -CORRETCT ANSWER- thoroughly wash the wound with soap and water What is the most likely mode of transmission for bloodborne pathogens in laboratoryacquired infections? -CORRETCT ANSWER- parenteral inoculation of blood Which infectious agent is considered to be the primary occupational health hazard regarding transmission of bloodborne pathogens? -CORRETCT ANSWER- Hepatitis B Which of the following parameters of a diagnostic test will vary with the prevalence of a given disease in a population? -CORRETCT ANSWER- accuracy What is the comparison of a result with the true value? -CORRETCT ANSWERaccuracy The methodology based on the amount of energy absorbed by a substance as a function of its concentration and using a specific source of the same material as the substance analyzed is: -CORRETCT ANSWER- atomic absorption spectrophotometry One means of checking a spectrophotometer wavelength calibration in the visible range is by using a: -CORRETCT ANSWER- didymium filter. In spectrophotometry, the device that allows for a narrow band of wavelengths is the: - CORRETCT ANSWER- monochromator. In a double-beam photometer, the additional beam is used to: -CORRETCT ANSWERcorrect for variations in light source intensity Nephelometers measure light: -CORRETCT ANSWER- scattered at a right angle to the light path A tech is asked to write a procedure to measure the Evan blue concentration on a spectrophotometer. the tech is given 4 standard solutions of Evan Blue: (mg/dL) Std A =0.8; Std B =1.6; Std C =2.4; Std D =4.0 The first step is to: -CORRETCT ANSWER- find the wavelength of the greatest absorbance for Evan blue Which of the following is used to verify wavelength settings for narrow bandwidth spectrophotometers? -CORRETCT ANSWER- holmium oxide glass Which of the following statements about fluorometry is true? -CORRETCT ANSWER- a compound fluoresces when it absorbs light at 1 wavelengths and emits light at a second wavelength The measurement of light scattered by particles in the sample is the principle of: - CORRETCT ANSWER- nephelometry In a spectrophotometer, light of a specific wavelength is isolated from the light source by the: -CORRETCT ANSWER- monochromator Chromatography is based on the principle of: -CORRETCT ANSWER- differential solubility To be analyzed by gas liquid chromatography, a compound must: -CORRETCT ANSWER- be volatile or made volatile A true statement about column chromatopgraphy methods, including HPLC & gas chromatography, is that it: -CORRETCT ANSWER- can be used for adsorption, partition, ion-exchange and steric-exclusion chromatography In electrophoretic analysis, buffers: -CORRETCT ANSWER- act as a carrier for ions An ion-selective electrode (ISE) measures the: -CORRETCT ANSWER- activity of one ion much more than other ions present The selectivity of an ion-selective electrode is determined by the: -CORRETCT ANSWER- properties of the membrane used In a centrifugal analyzer, centrifugal force is used to: -CORRETCT ANSWER- transfer liquids from the inner disc to the outer cuvette