PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NURS 231 MODULE 4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NURS 231 MODULE 4 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Question 1 0 / 0 pts What is the function of blood? What are the three stages of hemostasis? What is vitamin K needed to synthesize? Discuss the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways: Your Answer: 1. Blood functions to transport materials to and from the body's cells. 2. The three states of hemostasis are vascular constriction, platelet plug formation, blood coagulation. 3. Vitamin K is needed to synthesize factors II, VII, IX, and X, prothrombin, and protein C. 4. The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways both form prothrombin activator. The intrinsic pathway begins with activation of factor XII and can cause clotting in 1 to 6 minutes, considered the slower process. The extrinsic pathway can cause clotting in 15 seconds and begins with the release of tissue thromboplastin from the subendothelial cells. Both pathways converge to activate factor X, the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin then converts fibrinogen to fibrin, the material needed to stabilize a clot. Both methods are needed for successful hemostasis. 1. Transport materials to and from the body’s cells. 2. Vascular constriction, platelet plug formation, blood coagulation 3. Factors II, VII, IX, and X, prothrombin, and protein C 4. The intrinsic and extrinsic pathways both form prothrombin activator. The intrinsic pathway begins with activation of factor XII and can cause clotting in 1 to 6 minutes, considered the slower process. The extrinsic pathway can cause clotting in 15 seconds and begins with the release of tissue thromboplastin from the subendothelial cells. Both pathways converge to activate factor X, the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. Thrombin then converts fibrinogen to fibrin, the material needed to stabilize a clot. Both methods are needed for successful hemostasis. Question 2 0 / 0 pts What are the natural and drug therapy anticoagulants? What is peripheral vascular resistance? Hemodynamics or blood flow is affected by what factors? What is cardiac output?