PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NURS 231 MODULE 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NURS 231 MODULE 3 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Question 1 0 / 0 pts What is innate immunity? Your Answer: Innate immunity is the first line of defense, also called natural immunity. This type of defense is in place before an infection takes place and can function immediately. It is comprised of physical, chemical, cellular, and molecular defenses. Innate immunity, also called natural immunity, is the first line of defense. This type of defense is in place before an infection takes place and can function immediately. It is comprised of physical, chemical, cellular, and molecular defenses. Question 2 0 / 0 pts How does the skin act as a physical barrier? Your Answer: The skin's design makes it a strong physical barrier. It has closely packed cells in multiple layers that are continuously being shed. Keratin covers the skin, which creates a salty, acidic environment inhospitable to microbes. It also contains antimicrobial proteins and lysozymes that inhibit microorganisms and help to destroy them. The skin’s design makes it a strong physical barrier. It has closely packed cells in multiple layers that are continuously being shed. Keratin covers the skin, which creates a salty, acidic environment inhospitable to microbes. It also contains antimicrobial proteins and lysozymes that inhibit microorganisms and help to destroy them. Question 3 0 / 0 pts What cells are involved in innate immunity? Your Answer: The cells responsible for this response include neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and intraepithelial lymphocytes. The cells responsible for this response include neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), natural killer (NK) cells, and intraepithelial lymphocytes. Question 4 0 / 0 pts Describe each type of leukocyte and explain their function: Your Answer: Neutrophils are the most abundant in the body and are an early responder in innate immunity and use phagocytosis to kill microbes. Eosinophils are active in parasitic infections and allergic responses. Basophils release histamine and proteolytic enzymes. Monocytes are the largest in size and are released from the bone marrow and mature into macrophages and dendritic cells where they engage in the inflammatory response and phagocytize foreign substances and cellular debris. Macrophages have a long life span, reside in the tissues, and are the first phagocyte that organisms encounter. Neutrophils and macrophages work together on behalf of the host's initial defense system. Neutrophils are the most abundant in the body and are an early responder in innate immunity and use phagocytosis to kill microbes. Eosinophils are active in parasitic infections and allergic responses. Basophils release histamine and proteolytic enzymes. Monocytes are the largest in size and are released from the bone marrow and mature into macrophages and dendritic cells where they engage in the inflammatory response and phagocytize foreign substances and cellular debris. Macrophages have a long life span, reside in the tissues, and are the first phagocyte that organisms encounter. Neutrophils and macrophages work together on behalf of the host’s initial defense system. Question 5 0 / 0 pts Describe adaptive immunity