Critical Thinking: Reason and Evidence Questions ( ANSWERED )

Critical Thinking: Reason and Evidence Questions ( ANSWERED ) Critical Thinking - ANS The ability to think carefully about thinking and reasoning--to criticize your own reasoning. Critical - ANS Reflective, careful, or attentive to potential errors. Critical Thinking - ANS Being curious and thinking creatively; Being billing to go the next step and think about all of the possible positions and arguments before settling into a position. Critical Thinking - ANS Separating the thinking from the position; Removing personal opinion from the discussion and not making it personal against the other person. Critical Thinking - ANS Knowing oneself enough to avoid biases and errors of thought; being thoughtful and aware of personal biases and working against them to challenge thinking. Critical Thinking - ANS Understanding arguments ,reasons, and evidence; thinking carefully about thinking, about arguments, and positions. Propositions - ANS Statements that can be true or false. Non-Proposition Sentences - ANS Sentences that cannot be true or false; cannot disagree with them; cannot argue whether they're right or wrong; cannot question them. Simple Propositions - ANS Proposition with no internal logical structure, meaning whether they are true or false does not depend on whether a part of them are true or false. They simply are true or false on their own. Complex Propositions - ANS Propositions with an internal logical structure, meaning they are composed of simple propositions. Common Anatomy of an Argument - ANS One or more premises that are propositions that support or demonstrate at least one conclusion. Premise - ANS Propositions/statements that support or demonstrate the conclusion. Conclusion - ANS The point being made and offered for acceptance or rejection as the basis of an argument. Bad Inferential Structure - ANS The argument's premises do not demonstrate or support the conclusion. We can accept the premises as true without being compelled to accept the conclusion. False Premise - ANS The premises in an argument are false. Argument - ANS A set of statements where the premises attempt to provide a reason for thinking that the conclusion is true. Conclusion Indicators - ANS Therefore, Hence, We may conclude that, So, Thus, Implies that, It follows that, Entails that, As a result Premise Indicators - ANS Because, In that, As indicated by, Given that, Since, For, As Inference - ANS Argument Argument - ANS Any purportedly rational movement from evidence or premises to a conclusion. Deductive Inferences - ANS Arguments where the premises guarantee or necessitate the conclusion. Inductive Inferences - ANS Arguments where the premises make the conclusion probable, at best. Abductive Inference - ANS Arguments where the best available explanation is chosen as the correct explanation.