BIOL 1P91 Final Exam Questions And Answers

BIOL 1P91 Final Exam Questions And Answers Metabolism - ANS All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism Chemical Reaction - ANS The process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances Purpose of Food - ANS 1. Provide organic materials needed to maintain cells and support growth of new cells and tissues 2. Provides a source of energy to promote chemical reactions that cannot occur without an input of energy Energy - ANS The ability to do work Kinetic Energy - ANS Energy of motion Potential Energy - ANS Stored energy that results from the position or shape of an object Chemical Energy - ANS A form of potential energy that is stored in chemical bonds between atoms. Thermodynamics - ANS The study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter. First Law of Thermodynamics - ANS Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed. Law of Conservation of Energy - ANS Energy can be transformed from one form into another or transferred from one region to another, but energy cannot be created or destroyed Second Law of Thermodynamics - ANS Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Entropy - ANS Degree of disorder; to make something happen, degree of disorder in universe must increase Usable Energy - ANS Can be used to do work; the less unusable energy, the faster things can be done Free Energy - ANS Energy that is available to do work Spontaneous Reactions - ANS Occur without input of additional energy; not necessarily fast; key factor is the free energy change Exergonic Reaction - ANS A chemical reaction that releases energy Endergonic Reaction - ANS A chemical reaction that doesn't release energy Chemical Equilibrium - ANS A state of balance in which the rate of a forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction and the concentrations of products and reactants remain unchanged Catalyst - ANS Substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction Enzymes - ANS Proteins that act as biological catalysts Activation Energy - ANS Initial input of energy to start a reaction Transition state - ANS States were original bonds have stretched to their limit and chemical reaction can readily proceed to the formation of products