Lifespan Development Psychology exam #3 Questions With Complete Solutions

puberty in adolescence girls correct answer: estrogen, have growth spurt first. hips broaden. fat increases. puberty in adolescence boys correct answer: androgens: testosterone, shoulders broaden. fat decreases primary sexual characteristics correct answer: involve reproductive organs secondary sexual characteristics correct answer: visible characteristics and serve as signs of sexual maturation CNS changes in Adolescence correct answer: growth and mylination of neural fibers. prefrontal cortex develops. common health problems of adolescence correct answer: eating disorders because of the development of the idea of body image. Iron deficiency sleep phase delay correct answer: forward shift of circadian rhythm (fall alseep later) need 9 hours sexual orientation in adolescence correct answer: crutial time for development. heredity may play a role. time for experimenting. formal operational thought in adolescence correct answer: Piaget: develop the capacity of abstract, systematic, scientific thinking. propostitional thought correct answer: ability to evaluate the logic of propositions without referring to real-world circumstances. postformal though in adolescence correct answer: personal effort + social experiences = rational, flexible, practical thinking cognitive control vs social emotional control network correct answer: prefrontal cortex is not fully developed. strong emotional reactions to stress and pleasure senescence correct answer: gradual deteriation of cells due to aging telomere shortening correct answer: cap ends of DNA but eventul get too short, acts as aging clock in every cell. free radicals correct answer: exposed to free radicals from environmental toxins, household chemicals and cigarette smoke. Antioxidants made by your body and consumed in plant foods helps prevent free radical damage. cross-linkage theory of aging correct answer: With increasing age, tendons, skin, and even blood vessels lose elasticity. This is due to the formation of cross-links between or within the molecules of collagen that give elasticity to these tissues. CNS changes in early adulthood correct answer: telomere shortening, free radicals, protein fiber elasticity decresases factors affecting health in early adulthood correct answer: decrease in metabolism, less time substance use and abuse EA correct answer: tabaco, mary jane, alcohol are most abused. one third of heavy drinkers duffer from alcoholism Issues related to sexuality EA correct answer: less sexually active. high sexual satisfaction. attiude toward same sex partners more accepting. Perry on postformal thought correct answer: positions: dualism, multiplicity, relativistic thinking, commitment perry, dualism correct answer: either or thinking accept authority aquire knowledge through hard work and obedience perry, multiplicity correct answer: multiple perspectives no one correct answer all options equal perry, relativistic thinking correct answer: aware of diversity of opinions not all opinions equally value evaluate different positions on issue perry, commitment correct answer: uncertainty expected sythesis contradictions -takes stand -explore alternative positions generates rational criteria to evaluate options revises belief based on data information-gathering cognitive style Labouvie-vief on postformal though correct answer: cognitive-affective complexity expertise in EA correct answer: It take 10 years on average to be considered an expert Vocational choice EA correct answer: FANTASY PERIOD (explore the career options by fantasy) TENTATIVE PERIOD (teens evaluate careers by their abilities, intrests) REALISITC PERIOD (settle on a vocational category and specific occupation) Hollands theory correct answer: personality and occupational choice. hexagon. balance of all the traits: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional Identity vs. role confusion AD correct answer: erikson: sucessful psycosocial outcomes of infancy and childhood pave the way toward a positive Factors affecting self concept AD correct answer: emphasis on social virtues. traits that reflect being positively viewed by others. Marcia's identity statuses correct answer: Kohlberg's theory of moral development correct answer: stage theory: unidirectional -universal -consistent -cognitive development -social interaction 5 stages Kohlberg stage 1 correct answer: punishment and obedience orientation. -defer to authority out of fear -goal: avoid getting into trouble kohlberg stage 2 correct answer: instrumental purpose orientation -focus on self interest and own needs -goal: obtaining rewards (reciprocity) kohlberg stage 3 correct answer: interpersonal cooperation orientation -do what others want: think about two-way relationship from perspective of impartial observer -goal: win others approval kohlberg stage 4 correct answer: social-order-maintaining orientation -follow the law, personal duty to uphold rules -goal: maintain order + promote general good kohlberg stage 6 correct answer: universal ethical principles -self coosen ethical principles -goal: follow one's conscience --may conflict with society kohlberg stage 5 correct answer: social contract orientation -emphasize common laws and expectations, follow law if serving the common good -goal: achieve greatest good for the greatest good for the greatest # of people Friendship and dating in adolescence correct answer: see friends as an important source of social support dating is pretty superficial during adolescence. as you move toward high school look for something more serious. Substance use and abuse AD correct answer: very impulsive, experimenting. we live in a drug-dependent society which encourages something to get through the day Parenting style correct answer: adolescent autonomy correct answer: rely more on themselves and less on parents for making decisions peer relationships correct answer: based on intamacy, mutual understanding, and loyalty and contain more self disclosure. help deal with stress depression and suicide AD correct answer: depression is most common psychological problem. combo of biological and environmental factors suicide risk increases sharply Erikson: intimacy vs Isolation correct answer: intimacy= making commitment, giving up independence, secure with fidelity isolation=hesitant to form close ties, fear of losing identity (competitive, rejecting differences, threatened by closeness) Levinson's theory of psychosocial development correct answer: early adult- have a dream (women have split dream) second transition, age 30- men settle down, women unsettled (occupational, relationship commitments) Valliant's theory of psychosocial developement correct answer: men 20s- intimacy concerns 30s- career consolidation 40s- generativity 50s &60s- "keepers of meaning" 70s- spiritual, reflection sternberg's triangular theory of love correct answer: passion= physical and psychological arousal compnent Intimacy= emotional component Commitment= cognitive component(decide they are in and maintain love. family life cycle EA correct answer: this is until you leave home to start your own family, you are apart of one. intimate relationships EA correct answer: looking for similar age, level of educaion, ethnicity, and religion. career development EA correct answer: you become more practical with your ideas of what you want and usually by about 30 have a career. neugarten's social clock correct answer: age-graded expectations for life events implications -follow social clock- confidence, social stability -not following- distress