SimBio Vocabulary: DNA Replication Exam Solved 100% Correct!!

cell cycle - includes DNA replication, cell growth, and mitosis - results in two daughter cells that are genetically equivalent to the origional parent cell mitosis - phase of cell cycle when eukaryotic cells divide into two genetically equivalent daughter cells - usually how cells divide daughter cells - during mitosis a single parent cell splits into two daughter cells - are genetically equivalent, unles DNA copying errors occur during mitosis four basic steps of DNA replication - p1: Initiation; the two strands of DNA are seperated p2: Making Primers; the cells starts new strands by making RNA primers, which are complementary to the origional DNA p3: Extension; the primers are extended to make longer pieces of new DNA, following the rules of base pairing p4: Connecting DNA Fragments; all the pieces of the new strands are finalized and stitched together protein - - a biochemical molecule made of one or more amino acid polymers - essential to cells facilitating virtually every process within them helicase - enzymes that seperate the strands of a DNA molecule forming the replication bubble during DNA replicationorigin of replication (OR) - - the locations on each DNA molecule (chromosome) where DNA replication begins - these origins are specific locations where the pre-replication complex of proteins bind to initiate DNA replication replication bubble - in DNA replication, it is the region between two helicase proteins where the DNA is activly being replicated w/in the replication bubble DNA is single stranded - each replication bubble has two replication forks - w/in each replication bubble there are two leading strands and two lagging strands replication fork - in DNA replication its is the locations where helicase is actively seperating DNA strands - two replication forks flank each replication bubble pre-replication complex - a group of proteins that attach to origins of replication and DNA before replication begins - proteins that make up this complex preform the initial seperation of DNA strands at the origin of replication - also help attach helicase to the DNA topoisomerase - enzymes that relax the overwinding of DNA resulting from speparating DNA strands during replication