Ritchie & Crouch weblectures
Inhoud
Ritchie & Crouch weblectures.................................................................................................................1
Introduction........................................................................................................................................4
00 – Introduction............................................................................................................................4
Supporting factors and resources.......................................................................................................4
01 – Infrastructure..........................................................................................................................4
02 – Accessibility.............................................................................................................................5
03 – Facilitating resources..............................................................................................................5
04 – Hospitality...............................................................................................................................6
05 – Enterprise................................................................................................................................6
06 – Political will.............................................................................................................................6
Core resources and attractors.............................................................................................................7
07 – Physiography and climate.......................................................................................................7
08 – Culture and history.................................................................................................................8
09 – Mix of activities.......................................................................................................................8
10 – Special events.........................................................................................................................9
11 – Entertainment.......................................................................................................................10
12 – Superstructure......................................................................................................................11
13 – Market ties............................................................................................................................12
Destination management.................................................................................................................12
14 – Organisation..........................................................................................................................12
15 – Marketing..............................................................................................................................12
16 – Quality of service/experience...............................................................................................13
17 – Information/research............................................................................................................13
18 – Human Resource Management.............................................................................................14
19 – Finance and Venture Capital.................................................................................................15
20 – Visitor Management.............................................................................................................16
21 – Resource Stewardship...........................................................................................................16
22 – Crisis Management...............................................................................................................17
Destination Policy, planning and development.................................................................................17
23 – System Definition..................................................................................................................17
24 – Philosophies/values..............................................................................................................18
25 – Vision....................................................................................................................................18
1
, 26 – Positioning/branding.............................................................................................................18
27 – Development........................................................................................................................19
28 – Competitive/collaborative analysis.......................................................................................19
29 – Monitoring and evaluation....................................................................................................19
30 – Audit.....................................................................................................................................20
Qualifying and amplifying determinants...........................................................................................21
31 – Location................................................................................................................................21
32- Safety/security........................................................................................................................22
33 – Cost/value.............................................................................................................................22
34 – Interdependencies................................................................................................................23
35 – Awareness/Image.................................................................................................................23
36 – Carrying capacity...................................................................................................................23
Competitive Environment.................................................................................................................24
37 – Global (MACRO) environment...............................................................................................24
38 – Competitive (MICRO) environment.......................................................................................26
39 – Comparative Advantages......................................................................................................28
40 – Competitive advantages........................................................................................................29
Introduction........................................................................................................................................3
00 – Introduction............................................................................................................................3
Supporting factors and resources.......................................................................................................3
01 – Infrastructure..........................................................................................................................3
02 – Accessibility............................................................................................................................4
03 – Facilitating resources..............................................................................................................4
04 – Hospitality...............................................................................................................................5
05 – Enterprise...............................................................................................................................5
06 – Political will.............................................................................................................................5
Core resources and attractors.............................................................................................................6
07 – Physiography and climate.......................................................................................................6
08 – Culture and history.................................................................................................................6
09 – Mix of activities.......................................................................................................................7
10 – Special events.........................................................................................................................8
11 – Entertainment.........................................................................................................................9
12 – Superstructure......................................................................................................................10
13 – Market ties............................................................................................................................10
Destination management.................................................................................................................11
14 – Organisation..........................................................................................................................11
2
, 15 – Marketing.............................................................................................................................11
16 – Quality of service/experience...............................................................................................12
17 – Information/research............................................................................................................12
18 – Human Resource Management............................................................................................13
19 – Finance and Venture Capital.................................................................................................14
20 – Visitor Management.............................................................................................................14
21 – Resource Stewardship...........................................................................................................15
22 – Crisis Management...............................................................................................................15
Destination Policy, planning and development.................................................................................16
23 – System Definition..................................................................................................................16
24 – Philosophies/values..............................................................................................................16
25 – Vision....................................................................................................................................17
26 – Positioning/branding............................................................................................................17
27 – Development........................................................................................................................17
28 – Competitive/collaborative analysis.......................................................................................18
29 – Monitoring and evaluation...................................................................................................18
30 – Audit.....................................................................................................................................19
Qualifying and amplifying determinants..........................................................................................20
31 – Location................................................................................................................................20
32- Safety/security........................................................................................................................21
33 – Cost/value.............................................................................................................................21
34 – Interdependencies................................................................................................................22
35 – Awareness/Image.................................................................................................................22
36 – Carrying capacity..................................................................................................................22
Competitive Environment.................................................................................................................23
37 – Global (MACRO) environment..............................................................................................23
38 – Competitive (MICRO) environment.......................................................................................25
39 – Comparative Advantages......................................................................................................27
40 – Competitive advantages........................................................................................................28
3
, Introduction
00 – Introduction
Learning goals for micro lectures
Students can give examples of, define, explain and apply to destinations all the elements of the R&C
model.
Ritchie & Crouch – Destinations Competitiveness & Sustainability model
Broken into five horizontal bars
Qualifying & amplifying determinants
Destination policy, planning & development
Destination management
Core resources & attractors
Supporting factors & resources
Supporting factors and resources
We’ll start with the lowest level of the model: supporting factors and resources. The supporting
factors and resources provide a foundation upon which a successful tourism industry can be
established. We’ll start today with the infrastructure.
01 – Infrastructure
What is infrastructure: general infrastructure (first level of infrastructure)
Airports, rail, bus terminals
Electrical power, sanitation, drainage
Telecommunications, internet
Financial systems, education system
National defence
Normally delivered by government (but may have been privatised) Often these things are
delivered and ruled by the government but in some countries some of these things have
been privatised. (Such as NS used to be owned by the government and now it’s privatised)
Level of on-going investment (is the government still investing in for example maintaining the
roads)
Service infrastructure (second level of infrastructure)
The services that are provided at the destination.
Food stores, book stores, hairdressers
Garages, gas stations, chemists
Normally delivered by private sector
Quality of infrastructure
This is a question you can really look at when you’re investigating a destination. It’s not easy to
measure how high the quality of the infrastructure at a destination is. Often, within a destination, for
example the tube system is amazing but the power services suck or the quality of the infrastructure
4
Inhoud
Ritchie & Crouch weblectures.................................................................................................................1
Introduction........................................................................................................................................4
00 – Introduction............................................................................................................................4
Supporting factors and resources.......................................................................................................4
01 – Infrastructure..........................................................................................................................4
02 – Accessibility.............................................................................................................................5
03 – Facilitating resources..............................................................................................................5
04 – Hospitality...............................................................................................................................6
05 – Enterprise................................................................................................................................6
06 – Political will.............................................................................................................................6
Core resources and attractors.............................................................................................................7
07 – Physiography and climate.......................................................................................................7
08 – Culture and history.................................................................................................................8
09 – Mix of activities.......................................................................................................................8
10 – Special events.........................................................................................................................9
11 – Entertainment.......................................................................................................................10
12 – Superstructure......................................................................................................................11
13 – Market ties............................................................................................................................12
Destination management.................................................................................................................12
14 – Organisation..........................................................................................................................12
15 – Marketing..............................................................................................................................12
16 – Quality of service/experience...............................................................................................13
17 – Information/research............................................................................................................13
18 – Human Resource Management.............................................................................................14
19 – Finance and Venture Capital.................................................................................................15
20 – Visitor Management.............................................................................................................16
21 – Resource Stewardship...........................................................................................................16
22 – Crisis Management...............................................................................................................17
Destination Policy, planning and development.................................................................................17
23 – System Definition..................................................................................................................17
24 – Philosophies/values..............................................................................................................18
25 – Vision....................................................................................................................................18
1
, 26 – Positioning/branding.............................................................................................................18
27 – Development........................................................................................................................19
28 – Competitive/collaborative analysis.......................................................................................19
29 – Monitoring and evaluation....................................................................................................19
30 – Audit.....................................................................................................................................20
Qualifying and amplifying determinants...........................................................................................21
31 – Location................................................................................................................................21
32- Safety/security........................................................................................................................22
33 – Cost/value.............................................................................................................................22
34 – Interdependencies................................................................................................................23
35 – Awareness/Image.................................................................................................................23
36 – Carrying capacity...................................................................................................................23
Competitive Environment.................................................................................................................24
37 – Global (MACRO) environment...............................................................................................24
38 – Competitive (MICRO) environment.......................................................................................26
39 – Comparative Advantages......................................................................................................28
40 – Competitive advantages........................................................................................................29
Introduction........................................................................................................................................3
00 – Introduction............................................................................................................................3
Supporting factors and resources.......................................................................................................3
01 – Infrastructure..........................................................................................................................3
02 – Accessibility............................................................................................................................4
03 – Facilitating resources..............................................................................................................4
04 – Hospitality...............................................................................................................................5
05 – Enterprise...............................................................................................................................5
06 – Political will.............................................................................................................................5
Core resources and attractors.............................................................................................................6
07 – Physiography and climate.......................................................................................................6
08 – Culture and history.................................................................................................................6
09 – Mix of activities.......................................................................................................................7
10 – Special events.........................................................................................................................8
11 – Entertainment.........................................................................................................................9
12 – Superstructure......................................................................................................................10
13 – Market ties............................................................................................................................10
Destination management.................................................................................................................11
14 – Organisation..........................................................................................................................11
2
, 15 – Marketing.............................................................................................................................11
16 – Quality of service/experience...............................................................................................12
17 – Information/research............................................................................................................12
18 – Human Resource Management............................................................................................13
19 – Finance and Venture Capital.................................................................................................14
20 – Visitor Management.............................................................................................................14
21 – Resource Stewardship...........................................................................................................15
22 – Crisis Management...............................................................................................................15
Destination Policy, planning and development.................................................................................16
23 – System Definition..................................................................................................................16
24 – Philosophies/values..............................................................................................................16
25 – Vision....................................................................................................................................17
26 – Positioning/branding............................................................................................................17
27 – Development........................................................................................................................17
28 – Competitive/collaborative analysis.......................................................................................18
29 – Monitoring and evaluation...................................................................................................18
30 – Audit.....................................................................................................................................19
Qualifying and amplifying determinants..........................................................................................20
31 – Location................................................................................................................................20
32- Safety/security........................................................................................................................21
33 – Cost/value.............................................................................................................................21
34 – Interdependencies................................................................................................................22
35 – Awareness/Image.................................................................................................................22
36 – Carrying capacity..................................................................................................................22
Competitive Environment.................................................................................................................23
37 – Global (MACRO) environment..............................................................................................23
38 – Competitive (MICRO) environment.......................................................................................25
39 – Comparative Advantages......................................................................................................27
40 – Competitive advantages........................................................................................................28
3
, Introduction
00 – Introduction
Learning goals for micro lectures
Students can give examples of, define, explain and apply to destinations all the elements of the R&C
model.
Ritchie & Crouch – Destinations Competitiveness & Sustainability model
Broken into five horizontal bars
Qualifying & amplifying determinants
Destination policy, planning & development
Destination management
Core resources & attractors
Supporting factors & resources
Supporting factors and resources
We’ll start with the lowest level of the model: supporting factors and resources. The supporting
factors and resources provide a foundation upon which a successful tourism industry can be
established. We’ll start today with the infrastructure.
01 – Infrastructure
What is infrastructure: general infrastructure (first level of infrastructure)
Airports, rail, bus terminals
Electrical power, sanitation, drainage
Telecommunications, internet
Financial systems, education system
National defence
Normally delivered by government (but may have been privatised) Often these things are
delivered and ruled by the government but in some countries some of these things have
been privatised. (Such as NS used to be owned by the government and now it’s privatised)
Level of on-going investment (is the government still investing in for example maintaining the
roads)
Service infrastructure (second level of infrastructure)
The services that are provided at the destination.
Food stores, book stores, hairdressers
Garages, gas stations, chemists
Normally delivered by private sector
Quality of infrastructure
This is a question you can really look at when you’re investigating a destination. It’s not easy to
measure how high the quality of the infrastructure at a destination is. Often, within a destination, for
example the tube system is amazing but the power services suck or the quality of the infrastructure
4
