Praxis 5025 Science Questions and Answers Already Graded A

Praxis 5025 Science Questions and Answers Already Graded A a series of steps used to organize a procedure to acquire scientific knowledge the scientific process the scientific process/method: make an observation, pose a question, do research, form a hypothesis, conduct an experiment, draw conclusions, communicate results what do you notice about the world that you want to know more about? make an observation (1) what specifically are you seeking to discover? pose a question (2) what background information can you learn about your concept from reputable science sources? do research (3) what do you predict that you will discover through your experiment? form a hypothesis (4) how can you test your hypothesis? conduct an experiment (5) what does the data from the experiment lear you do believe about your hypothesis? draw conclusions (6) how can you share your findings with others? communicate results (6) inference= schema (background knowledge)+ observation/experiment scientists use what they already know about the scientific concept and evidence gathered through: observation or experimentation to make an inference or draw a conclusion simple tools that may be used in each childhood science education: (9) hand lenses, safety goggles, plastic beakers, pan balances, stopwatches, rulers, measuring tapes, thermometers, and magnets states of matter: solid, liquid, gas a form of matter that is visible and has its own shape; it must be physically moved or altered to change, like bending a pipe cleaner or cutting paper solid a form of matter that is visible and takes the shape of its container; they are pourable and some flow fast while others flow slowly. ex: water, paint, honey, oil, and vinegar liquid a form of matter that is not always visible and fills the space it is in entirely. ex: oxygen, helium, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and neon gas forms of energy: potential, kinetic, heat, sound, electrical, light the ability to make things change or move; it comes in a variety of forms energy the energy contained in an object based on its position or state. ex: non-moving air or a pulled rubber band potential energy the energy an object has based on its motion. ex: heat energy, sound energy, electrical energy, light energy kinetic energy the movement of heat from one object to another caused by a difference in temperature; it is energy we all feel such as fire, the sun, or appliances like hair dryers and ovens heat energy the movement of vibrations through the air; energy that we hear such as music, voices, and noises sound energy the movement of electrical charges; electrical charges that move through a wire bring electricity into homes and buildings fo uses such as lighting, and powering heating and air conditioning units electrical energy electromagnetic radiation through space; it is energy that we see, such as fire, the sun, lightbulbs, and electronic screens light energy movement from one place to another or a change in position; it occurs constantly and in many ways (roll, turn. bend, etc.) and directions (up, down, sideways, etc.) motion comprised of the stages of the appearance of the moon the lunar cycle as the moon orbits earth: the portion of the moon that we can see lit up by the sun changes the phases of the mood cycles through every 28 days are: (8) new moon, waxing crescent, first quarter, waxing gibbous, full moon, waning gibbous, third quarter, waning crescent the typical weather pattern of a particular area over a period of time climate _ describes what the air outside is like at the moment, while_ describes what the weather is usually like at a certain time of year for a certain place weather, climate a solid, natural resource that is composed of different minerals rock the series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock rock cycle hardened lava or magma from a volcano. ex: granite and basalt igneous rock formed by sediment (pieces of pre-existing rock) compacting together and solidifying. ex: shale and limestone sedimentary rock found within Earth's crust and are formed through heat and pressure. ex: slate and marble metamorphic rock basic needs of living things: (4) food, water, air, shelter natural homes of living things; they are places where plants and animals live and contain what plants and animals need for survival habitats the stages living things go through in their lifetimes life cycle in science, looks like identifying situation that had potential for change or improvement and developing a plan to find a solution problem solving solid to gas Sublimination chest thorax the water cycle: (4) evaporation, condensation, precipitation, collection liquid to gas evaporation gas to liquid; gas gets colder and changes back to liquid , forming clouds condensation rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground. precipitation when water that falls from the clouds as rain, snow, hail or sleet, collects in the oceans, rivers, lakes, streams collection the amount of space an object takes up volume warming that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere greenhouse effect the transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures in plants pollination plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars photosynthesis a growth response to light phototropism treating a substance with heat to kill or slow the growth of pathogens pasteurization implies the discovery through reasoning, inference, deduction, or a perception of patterns reasoning activities activities designed to address multiple senses like sight, sound, smell and touch multi sensory activities an interaction of light with matter that causes light to change its energy, direction of motion, or both Scattering The bending of a wave as it passes at an angle from one medium to another Refraction The direct transfer of heat from one substance to another substance that it is touching. Conduction The transfer of heat by the movement of a fluid Convection Energy that is radiated or transmitted in the form of rays or waves or particles. Radiation Every body remains in a state of rest of uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force Newton's first law of motion The acceleration of an object depends on the mass of the object and the amount of force applied Newton's second law of motion For every action force, there is a reaction force equal in strength and opposite in direction Newton's third law of motion Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory of personality argues that human behavior is the result of the interactions among three component parts of the mind: id, ego, superego