Praxis Teaching Reading: Elementary (5205) Already Graded A

Praxis Teaching Reading: Elementary (5205) Already Graded A Elkonin Boxes used for phonemic awareness instruction. "sound boxes". Teacher uses one sound for each box and the students push a marker into one box and blend together the word. blank squares to be filled in. grapheme the written or printed representation of a phoneme morpheme in language, the smallest unit that carries meaning phoneme smallest unit of sound phonemic awareness ability to ID, isolate, and manipulate sounds phonological awareness knowledge of sounds and syllables and of the sound structure of words syllable vowel sound phoneme isolation recognize individual sounds in a word phoneme Identity recognize the same sounds in different words phoneme blending hear individual sounds and blend them together to make a word phoneme segmentation hear a word and distinguish different sounds phoneme deletion recognize words within words phoneme substitution substitute one phoneme for another to make a new word prelinguistic stage of language development 1st 12 months baby makes noises and gestures to communicate holophrastic stage of language development 10-12 months kid begin to use one-word communication two-word stage of language development 20 months telegraphic stage of language development 2 1/2 - 3 years, shortened speech intermediate stage of language development usually in place by 5 years--simple sentences ~5k words adult stage of language development speech is refined strategies for developing listening/speaking skills -model -turn taking -time expectations -open ended questions -talking stick -emphasize non-verbal communication language experience approach Teacher writes down what the child says so that it is easy for the child to read it back to them. alphabetic principle there is a predictable correspondence b/w letters and sounds consonant blend 2 or more consonants appear together and each can be heard: BLow, buST digraph 2 letters that represent 1 sound: ph/f = /f/ diphthong