Praxis 5038 Latest Update Graded A

Praxis 5038 Latest Update Graded A Neoclassicism (Late 17th c. and 18th c.) Restoration, Augustan, Age of Johnson. Writers looked to the ideals and art forms of classical times. The age of reason. (Austen, Moliere, Johnson, Locke, Pope) Romanticism (extended) but technically Coincides with the age of revolutions, reaction to the neoclassical period. Nature, symbolism, myth, emotion, lyric poetry, the self. Imagination and expression over reason. (Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, Keats, Transcendentalism American literary, political and philosophical movement. Authority in individual self rather than institution. Universe is externization of the soul. Power of human mind and voice. Eventually critiqued slavery. (Emerson, Thoreau, Fuller) (Poe thought it was hogwash) Realism Literary movement in America from end of Civil War to turn of the century Depicting real realistic events and characters - under the assumption that this is what literature should be. Meaning and value can be taken from ordinary events and characters. (Mark Twain, Henry James, Stephen Crane) Victorian During the reign of Victoria. Shift from the prominence of poetry to the prominence of the novel. Reclaiming of the past, about the working class, morality. (Dickens, Brontes, Hardy, Gaskell, Eliot, Thackeray) Symbolism Turn of the century - Late 19th century Tried to aim for meanings that were too grand and complex to be explained in mere words. Supernatural significance and effort to use words for their musical effect rather than precision) (Conrad) Naturalism View human being through biological and psychological determinism. VERY FRENCH. (Chopin) Beat New Boho, spontaneous creativity, the sound of the words, long line, form and content. (Ginsberg, Kerouac, Burroughs) Modernism Want the new things, rejecting traditional values and religion, industrialization. Divorced the self from writing a little bit - call attention to the process. Re-examing aspects of existence. (Pound, T.S. Eliot, Auden, Yeats, Woolf, Fitzgerald) Semantic Feature Analysis Analysis strategy that uses a grid to help kids explore how sets of things are related to one and other. Allows students to make connections, predictions, master concepts. Example: List genre elements and allow students to check them off for different example texts. Can see how folk tales, myths, fables relate to each other. Anticipation guide Before reading strategy to activate prior knowledge and build curiosity about a new topic. Concepts should be broad, but challenge and support key concepts about the text. Can be revisited after reading to see how the perceptions have changed. Reciprocal teaching / reading Instructional activity in which students become the teacher in small group reading sessions. Four strategies used in the model: summarizing, question generating, clarifying, predicting. Socratic seminar Formal discussion, based on a text in which the leader asks open-ended questions. Within context of discussion, students listen closely to the comments of others, thinking critically for themselves, and articulate their own thoughts/responses. Large group. People both speaking and listening. Think pair share Collaborative learning strategy in which students work together to solve a problem or answer a question. First, think individually, then find a partner or small group to expand thinking, then share their thinking with a larger group or the whole class. Literature circles Collaborative and student-centered reading strategy. Students select a book together as a small group and they progress through the reading process together. Different roles for reading assignments are given out based on the text, and students have more independence and choice over what goes on in their discussions. Jigsaw Small group instructional strategy. Students each become "experts" in a portion of an assignment or reading. Then, each student presents their section of the material to their own group based on what they have learned independently. KWL Graphic organizer that can be used at the start of a unit or a text to gauge students' prior knowledge about a topic, see what students are interested in learning about the topic, and then to track what they learn throughout the unit. SQ3R Reading and study system - kind of SRSD to help students in their reading comprehension. Survey - gather information to focus and formulate goals Question - Help mind engage and concentrate Read - Read one section at a time keeping questions in mind Recite - see if you can answer your questions as you read each section Review - See if you remember the answers to questions for each section Concentric circles Like a fishbowl discussion Holistic rubric Single scale with all criteria to be included in the evaluation being considered together. Usually assigns a single score (usually on a 1-4 oe 1-6 point scale) based on an overall judgement of student work. Analytic rubric Combine performance categories from a generic rubric with categories directly related to the task. Grid with criteria for student product listed in leftmost column and the levels of performance for each aspect of the project. Each component of the project/assignment is rated separately. Primary trait scoring rubric Task-specific and evaluates performance based only on one characteristic. Generally used to assess the primary language function or rhetorical trait of a given writing task or prompt. Multiple trait rubrics Performance is evaluated in several categories. Specific features of performance necessary for successful fulfillment of a given task or tasks. Self-assessment rubric Students are asked to evaluate their own progress or performance on a task by rating on a rubric. Sometimes these categories are the same as those that will be graded by the teacher, and at other times, these can be self-generated categories for performance. Connotation The idea or feeling that a word invokes Denotation The literal definition of a word Epigram Pithy/witty poem or saying Epigraph Quotation from another literary work that is placed beneath the title at the beginning of a poem or other piece of writing. (Example: the quote from Dante's Inferno at the beginning of T.S. Eliot's The Waste Land) Euphemism Mild or indirect word/expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt (pass away for died) Slippery slope Fallacy in which a person asserts that some event must logically follow from another without any rational argument. If I make an exception for you, then I have to make an exception for everybody. If you gamble, you won't be able to stop, and then you will spend all of your money and you will turn to crime. Red Herring An irrelevant topic is introduced into an argument to divert the attention of listeners or readers from the original issue. "smoke screen" "Why would you cheat on your spouse? That's morally wrong." "But what is morality, really?" Straw Man Giving the illusion of having completely refuted an opponent's argument by arguing against something else that is superficially similar. "I believe in biological evolution." "How could you ever think that we evolved from pond scum? That's ridiculous." Post hoc ergo propter hoc After this, therefore because of this Coming to a conclusion solely based on order of events. Temporal sequence appears integral to causality Rooster crows immediately before sunrise, therefor the rooster causes the sun to rise. Simple sentence Contains only one independent clause Compound sentence Contains at least two independent clauses joined by a conjunction Compound-complex Contains two or more independent clause and at least one dependent clause Split infinitives To hastily clean To happily find Kind of dependent clause Adjective Nominal Adverbial / Relative Clause Adjective clause Kind of dependent clause Pizza, WHICH MOST PEOPLE LOVE, is not very healthy. The people WHOSE NAMES ARE ON THE LIST are going to camp. Starts with a pronoun such as who, whom, that, or which. Relative clause Same as an adjective clause Adverbial clause Kind of dependent clause. Answer the questions why, when, where, what, how much, and under what condition. NOW THAT I HAVE FINISHED THE CLASS, I will get a raise. I will go to the store AT TEN O'CLOCK. Nominal clause Kind of dependent clause. Acts like a noun. She didn't know WHO WOULD BE AT THE PARTY. Subordinating conjunctions after, although, than, so that, where, once, rather, even, before, because Dialect Variation of a language that is characteristic of a particular group of the language's speakers Creole Stable natural language (with grammatical rules) that develops from the mixing of parent languages Pidgin Simplified language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common Regionalism Word or phrase used by a population in a particular region Reader Response Criticism Focuses on the reader and their experience of a literary work in contrast to other schools that emphasize the author or the content/form of the work. The role of the reader cannot be omitted from the understanding of literature, readers do not passively consume meaning presented to them. Feminist Criticism Interpretive approach concerned with the ways in which literature reinforces or undermines the economic, political, social, and psychological oppression of women. Views works through this lens New Criticism / Formalism Interpretive approach that emphasizes literary form and the impact of literary devices within the text. Great importance on the literariness of the texts, stresses close reading of the text itself. Independent of historical context and as a unified whole that reflected the sensibility of the artist. Neutral inquiry without historic value judgments. New Historic Criticism / Cultural Studies Analysis of literature within the context of its production. Rejects more formal approaches in favor of analysis of social power within a culture. Emphasis on culture and context "embedded" within a literary text and material conditions of a culture. Gerund Phrase Begins with an -ing word and will include other modifiers or objects. Always functions as a noun in the sentence. Eating ice cream on a windy day can be a messy experience if you have long hair. Bernard hates buttering toast with a fork. Participle Phrase Begins with an -ing word or -ed word (or an irregular verb). Always functions as an adjective in the sentence. The water drained slowly in the pipe clogged with dog hair. Buttering toast with a fork, Bernard vows to wash the dishes as soon as possible. Prepositional Phrase Functions as an adjective (which one?) or adverb (how? when? where?) The book on the bathroom floor is wet. The note from Beverly confessed that she loved him. Noun phrase Noun and modifiers that distinguish it. Modifiers mighs be prepositional phrase, participle phrase, and/or infinitives. A dog on the loose, the dog that chases cats, the dog clipped at the salon, the dog to adopt. Orthography Set of conventions for how to write a language - spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, breaks, emphasis, and punctuation. Metrics The use or study of poetic meters/prosody. Syllable, stress, and emphasis. Semantics The relationship between words and their meanings. Can relate to a word, sentence, phrase, or an entire text.