Human Growth & Development Exam 2 Questions and Answers with complete solutions

Authoritarian Parenting Style - ✔✔ Exhibit controlling, rigid, cold style. Value strict, unquestioning obedience. Sense of fear from the child. Authoritative Parenting Style - ✔✔ Symbiotic Relationship. Set firm, clear, consistent limits. Allow disagreement and use reasoning, explanations, consequences. Supportive parenting. Healthiest style that encourages independence. Permissive Indifferent Par enting Style - ✔✔ Uninvolved in children's lives. Set few limits. Don't require much of the child or hold self responsible for how the child turns out. Permissive Indulgent - ✔✔ Involved with children. Place little or no limits or control on children's beha vior. Job is no more than feeding and clothing child. Gender Constancy - ✔✔ Kohlberg By age 4 -5 children develop understanding of gender constancy. Belief that people are permanently males or females because of fixed, unchangeable biological factors. Gender schemas occur well before gender constancy is understood. Parallel Play - ✔✔ Children play with similar toys in a similar manner, but do not interact with each other. Onlooker Play - ✔✔ Children simply watch each other play. Solitary Play - ✔✔ Children play by themselves. Associative Play - ✔✔ Children interact with one another in groups in two or more. Children share or borrow toys or materials, but do not do the same thing. Cooperative Play - ✔✔ Children play with one another , take turns, play games, and devise contests. This is the point that is ideal for children to reach. Resilience - ✔✔ Ability to overcome circumstances that place child at high risk for psychological and/or physical damage. Cycle of Violence Hypothesis - ✔✔ Children who witness their caretakers being abusive will often become abusive through modeling. That is all they are exposed to and think that it's okay. Gross Motor Skills - ✔✔ Ex: Learning to ride a bike, ice skate, swim, jump rope. ADHD - ✔✔ Most comm on signs of this disorder: 1. Persistent difficulty in finishing tasks, following instructions, and organizing work. 2. Inability to watch an entire television program. 3. Frequent interruption of others or excessive talking. 4. Tendency to jump into a tas k before hearing all of the instructions. 5. Difficulty in waiting or remaining seated. 6. Fidgeting, squirming.