Emergency Medical Responder Review (2023/2024) Already Passed

Emergency Medical Responder Review (2023/2024) Already Passed What is your primary concern as an EMR on scene? Your Own personal safety What is the level of training provided by local laws, administrative orders, guidelines and protocols by the local EMS System called? Standard of Care What must a patient be informed of in order to consider it "Informed Consent" ? Your Level of Training, Why you want to give care and What care you plan on doing A competent adult refuses care for an injury. What things must be done? Stay Calm, Inform the patient of the risks and potential dangers of refusal and carefully and thoroughly document the refusal of care You can only be found "Negligent" in a court of law if what fours elements can be proved? 1) Duty to Act 2) Breach of that Duty 3) Obligation 4) Witness What is your first priority on scene with a suicide patient? Scene Safety What is most effective way to minimize the spread of infection? Wash Hands What is it called when you examine a patient by feeling with the hands / fingers? Palpate What cavity of the body contains the heart, lungs and aorta? Thoracic Cavity Which blood vessels carry blood away from the heart? Arteries What system in our body is responsible for exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide? 2 Respiratory System When is an Emergency Move done? Pt is critical and no one on scene is there to help you move the patient. What piece of equipment is the most appropriate to use when carrying a seated patient down a staircase? Stair Chair What things must be included in your transfer of care report ? Patient Name and Age Chief Complaint Vital Signs What is the act of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide? Respiration What is the name of the major muscle used in breathing? Diaphragm What is the preferred method to open the airway when you don't suspect trauma in your patient? Head Tilt Chin Lift Noisy breathing such as snoring can suggest what type of obstruction? Tongue partially or intermittently obstucting the airway What is correct way to determine the size of a NPA? tip of the nose to the angle of the jaw What are good signs of adequate breathing? Chest Rise and fall What are s/sx of inadequate breathing? Poor Chest Rise and Fall Pale or Bluish Skin Accessory Muscle Usage 2 Attempts have been made to recusitate a 3yo child with an airway obstruction, what do you do next? Begin Chest Compressions A bag valve mask can deliver what percentage of oxygen when connected to supplemental oxygen? 100% List the 4 steps in operating an AED: 1) Turn It On 2) Attach Electrodes 3) Analyze 4) Shock If your initial attempt was unsuccessful for delivering a rescue breath, what should you do next? Improper Airway position, reposition and give another breath What is the proper ratio for 2 Rescuer CPR? 30:2 What is proper compression rate per minute? 100-120 What is maximum time CPR should be interrupted for any reason? 10 seconds What does "P" mean in SAMPLE? Past Medical History What does "E" stand for in SAMPLE? Events leading up to complaint What is the acronym to assess a patient for Stroke or Chest Pain? OPQRST What does the "Q" mean in the acronym OPQRST? Quality What does the "P" in AVPU stand for? Painful Stimulus What are s/sx of cardiac compromise? Chest Discomfort Shortness of Breath Anxiety Cool skin Delayed Capillary Refill What is "Focused Secondary Assessment"? It is the assessment done on a stable patient which is focused on a specific injury or medical complaint What should you expect to see after administering a patient an inhaler for asthma? Increase in Pulse Rate Nervousness (Jittery) Anxiety What things should be done when treating a seizing child? Protect from Injury Give oxygen by NRB Cushion the head to prevent injury A diabetic patient with warm, dry skin and a fruity smell to their breath most likely is suffering from what? Hyperglycemia or DKA What is hypothermia? A decrease in core body temperature below normal What are s/sx of shock associated with internal bleeding? Restlessness Rapid Pulse Pale, Cool and Moist Skin Road rash and scrapes are described as: Abrasions What should you do with a hypothermic patient c/o painful movement in extremeties & bluish color cold skin? Move out of the cold, prevent further heat loss, remove wet clothing What is proper way to remove a stinger from a stinging insect? Use a rigid dull object similar to a credit card and scape it away What is the proper way to treat a burn victim with isolated partial thickness burns to his hand? Separate the digits Cover the entire burn area with a burn cream if present Cover the entire burn with a dry, clean dressing What is proper way to treat and stabilize an upper arm injury? BSI Check for distal PMS Apply manual stabilization / splint How long after the baby is born does the placenta usually deliver? 20 min What is crowning? The bulging of the head of the baby out of the vagina How does nourishment and oxygen pass from the mother to the fetus? Umbilical Cord Deprivation of basic needs of life: Water, Food, Clothing, Medical Care or housing is defined as: Neglect A good landing zone is characterized as: Little to no slope free of dry sand or loose debris free of tall trees or poles around site While working as am Emergency Medical Responder you have a legal responsibility to provide care. This is called: Duty to Act A 13 year old female requests that an EMR treat her broken arm. The parents were called, but they have not arrived on the scene yet. The EMR must: obtain parental consent You and your partner are on the way back to work when you see a child who has been struck by a vehicle and is unresponsive in the road. You begin care for her and call for Advanced Care to transport her to a nearby ED. You know she can be legally transported based on: Implied Consent Your patient presents with a single stab would to the right chest. He complains of sharp pain while breathing and feels short of breath. His lung sounds are clear on the left but diminished on the right. You suspect the patient has a(an): Pneumothorax Any penetrating trauma to the chest should be covered with what type of dressing: Occlusive Dressing The respiratory system is responsible for what 2 things: Exchange of Oxygen and CO2 In a normal person, the Central Chemoreceptors are sensitive to ________________________ for the stimulation to breathe? Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Anything that is described as being farther from midline of the body is said to be: lateral The process of breathing in and out is most appropriately called: Ventilation The process of cellular gas exchange is called: Respiration How long can cells go without oxygen before irreversible cell death occurs? 6-10 minutes The most common cause of airway obstruction is: The tongue You are going to place a NPA (Nasopharyngeal Airway) in a young male patient. To determine which size airway you should use, you measure the patient from the __________________ to the ________________________. tip of the nose / ear lobe A patient who is not breathing should receive oxygen by what method? Bag Valve Mask (BVM Device) Your patient is mild respiratory distress, is breathing normally, and has no signs or symptoms (s/sx) of shock. The appropriate oxygen delivery device would be a: Nasal Cannula Your patient is in severe respiratory distress with labored but adequate breathing. The appropriate oxygen delivery device would be a: Non-Rebreather Mask (NRB Mask) You arrive at the scene of an assault. Police are on scene and have secured the scene. Another responder is holding manual stabilization of the patients cervical spine. As an EMR, what would you do next? Form a General Impression Which acronym would be the most useful when trying to gather medical information or PMHx (Medical History) from your patient? S.A.M.P.L.E You are at the scene of a motor vehicle collision. The scene is safe, a responder is holding manual stabilization of the cervical spine, and additional resources have been called. Your patient is unresponsive, has a patent airway, is breathing 12/min and has rapid and weak radial pulse. Your next action would be to do what? Perform a Rapid Assessment and prepare for rapid transport. The chamber of the heart that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs is called the: Right Ventricle Your patient is unresponsive after a motorcycle accident. You assess the airway and hear gurgling respirations. You should: Suction the Airway What respiratory condition results in the loss of elasticity of the lung tissue and the destruction of the alveoli? Emphysema A patient with hyperglycemia has what problem? High Blood Sugar What is it called when a patient has to take insulin to regulate their diabetis? Type 1 Diabetic What is the GCS score of a patient who is fully alert and oriented? 15 Your patient presents lethargic and confused. She is breathing 6 times per minute with shallow and labored respirations. This patient is experiencing: Respiratory Failure A 37yo female presents lethargic but oriented, complaining of weakness and dizziness. She states that she has been vomiting for 3 days and has had severe diarrhea. She has a rapid and weak pulse and her BP is 92/58. What category of shock is this patient likely experiencing? Hypvolemic You suspect your patient is in shock. Her heart is pumping faster, and her blood vessels have constricted to maintain a normal blood pressure. What stage of shock is the patient in? Compensated A 67yo female c/o fever, dizziness, and weakness. You suspect she is in septic shock. Septic shock is a form of what kind of shock? Distributive Shock A 17yo boy has fallen from a tree. He states that he cannot move his hands or feet. His BP is 90/60. You suspect he is experiencing what type of shock? Neurogenic Shock Sometimes a factor such as fear causes the nervous system to react and rapidly dilates the blood vessels. This is called or know as: Psychogenic Shock Each lung is surrounded by a thin, saclike structure called the: Pleura A patient with paradoxical movement usually indicates they have what type of injury? Flail Chest Sucking chest wounds must be sealed immediately to prevent: Air from entering the chest cavity Your patient is experiencing sharp, stabbing pain to his/her right flank. What is the most likely cause you would suspect this patient is suffering from? Kidney Stones Which medical term is a root word meaning "of the brain"? Encephalo- Which system is responsible for the regulation of blood sugar through hormone response? Endocrine System What is rate you should ventilate an adult when doing rescue breathing? 1 every 5-6 seconds