WGU C785 EXAM [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A] [LATEST VERSION 2023/2024] What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? - CORRECT ANSWER amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable gro

WGU C785 EXAM [QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A] [LATEST VERSION 2023/2024] What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? - CORRECT ANSWER amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable group How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged? - CORRECT ANSWER Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH, SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make? - CORRECT ANSWER ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged What are the 4 levels of protein structure? - CORRECT ANSWER Primary - linear structure, Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+ subunit What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? - CORRECT ANSWER hydrophobic - temperature change, ionic - salt or decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide - reducing agents what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration? - CORRECT ANSWER hydrophobic bonds how do environmental changes affect protein folding? - CORRECT ANSWER Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart = malformation of protein folding how do mutations affect protein structure? - CORRECT ANSWER Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form = loses function. May form a different protein. What is an electron? - CORRECT ANSWER Negatively charged atom on outer ring for bonding What is energy: - CORRECT ANSWER Power derived fro chemical interaction what are covalent bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons what is an ionic bond? - CORRECT ANSWER bond between positive What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? - CORRECT ANSWER amino group (NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable group How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged? - CORRECT ANSWER Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH, SH, or NH. Charged - end with a charge what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make? - CORRECT ANSWER ionic, hydrophobic/non-polar, charged What are the 4 levels of protein structure? - CORRECT ANSWER Primary - linear structure, Secondary - Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side chain interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+ subunit What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? - CORRECT ANSWER hydrophobic - temperature change, ionic - salt or decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide - reducing agents what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration? - CORRECT ANSWER hydrophobic bonds how do environmental changes affect protein folding? - CORRECT ANSWER Extreme temp can cause hydrogen bonds to break apart = malformation of protein folding how do mutations affect protein structure? - CORRECT ANSWER Can cause structure to change. Protein loses form = loses function. May form a different protein. What is an electron? - CORRECT ANSWER Negatively charged atom on outer ring for bonding What is energy: - CORRECT ANSWER Power derived fro chemical interaction what are covalent bonds? - CORRECT ANSWER chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons what is an ionic bond? - CORRECT ANSWER bond between positive