EMT Chapter 12 AAOS Eleventh Edition Latest Update Graded A

EMT Chapter 12 AAOS Eleventh Edition Latest Update Graded A afterload The force or resistance against which the heart pumps. anaphylactic shock Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction. anaphylaxis An extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure. aneurysm A swelling or enlargement of a part of an artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall. autonomic nervous system The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food. cardiac tamponade Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output. cardiogenic shock A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions. compensated shock The early stage of shock, in which the body can still compensate for blood loss. cyanosis A blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood. decompensated shock The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling. dehydration Loss of water from the tissues of the body. distributive shock A condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both. edema The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling to the affected area. homeostasis A balance of all systems of the body. hypothermia A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees Fahrenheit. hypovolemic shock Shock caused by fluid or blood loss. myocardial contractility The ability of the heart muscle to contract. neurogenic shock Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries. obstructive shock Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient supply to the body's tissues. perfusion The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels. pericardial effusion A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium. preload The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up. psychogenic shock Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting. pulmonary embolism A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow. pulse pressure The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures. sensitization Developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction. septic shock Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection. shock A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to enable every body part to perform its function; also called hypoperfusion. sphincters Circular muscles that encircle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, tube, or opening. syncope A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness.