AAOS Chapter 8 EMT Questions and Answers 100% Pass

AAOS Chapter 8 EMT Questions and Answers 100% Pass Accessory muscles The secondary muscles of respiration . they include the neck muscles, the chest pectoralis major muscles, and the abdominal muscles Auscultate To listen to sounds within an organ with a stethoscope AVPU Scale A method of assessing the level of consciousness by determining whether the patient is awake and alert responsive to verbal stimuli or pain or unresponsive used principally early in the assessment process Blood Pressure The pressure of circulating blood against the walls of the arteries Bradycardia A slow heart rate, less than 60 beats per minute Breath sounds Indication of air movement in the long, usually assessed with a stethoscope Capillary refill A test that evaluates distilled circulatory system function by squeezing blood from an area such as the nail bed and watching the speed of its return after releasing the pressure Capnography A non-invasive method that can quickly and efficiently provide information on a patient's ventilary status, circulation, and metabolism Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide is a component of air and typically makes up .3% of air at sea level. It is also a waste product exhaled during expiration by the respiratory system Chief complaint The reason a patient has called for help, also the patient's response to questions such as what's wrong? Or what happened? Coagulate To form a clot to plug an opening in an injured blood vessel and stop bleeding Colorimetric devices Capnometer or end-tidal carbon dioxide detectors are devices that are you that use a chemical reaction to detect the amount of carbon dioxide present an expired gases by changing colors Conjunctiva The delicate membrane that lines the eyelids and covers the exposed surface of the eye Crepitus A grating or grinding sensation caused by fractured bone and or joints rubbing together also air bubbles under the skin that produce a crackling sound or crinkly feeling Cyanosis A bluish grey skin color that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood DCAP-BTLS A mnemonic for assessment in which each area of the body is evaluated for deformities, contusions, abrasions, punctures and penetrations, Burns, tenderness, lacerations, and swelling Diaphoretic Characterized by profuse swelling Diastolic pressure The pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxation phase of a heart cycle when the left ventricle is at rest End-tidal Co2 The amount of carbon dioxide present in exhaled breath Focused assessment A type of physical assessment that is typically performed on patients who have sustained non significant mechanisms of injury or unresponsive to medical patients. This type of examination is based on the chief complaint and focuses on one body system or part Frostbite Damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold, frozen or partially frozen body parts are frostbitten Full-body scan A systematic head-to-toe examination that is performed during the Secondary Assessment on a patient who has sustained a significant mechanism of injury, is unconscious, or is in critical condition General impression The overall initial impression that determines the priority for patient care, based on the patient's surroundings, the mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms, and the chief complaint Golden period The time from injury to definitive care, during which treatment of shock and traumatic injury should occur because survival potential is best Guarding Involuntary muscle contractions of the abdominal wall in an effort to protect an inflamed abdomen, a sign of peritonitis History taking A step within the patient assessment process that provides detail about the patient's chief complaint and an account of the patient signs and symptoms Hypertension Blood pressure that is higher than the normal range Hypotension Blood pressure that is lower than the normal range Hypothermia A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95 degrees Fahrenheit after exposure to a cold environment Incident command system A system implemented to manage disasters and mass and multiple casualty incident in which section Chiefs, including finance, logistics, operations, and planning, report to the incident commander. Also referred to as the incident management system Jaundice Yellow skin or sclera that is caused by liver disease or dysfunction Labored breathing Breathing that requires a visibly increased effort, characterized by grunting, stridor, and use of accessory muscles. Mechanism of injury (MOI) the way in which traumatic injuries occur, the forces that act on the body to cause damage Nasal flaring Flaring out of the nostrils, indicating that there is an airway obstruction Nature of illness (NOI) The general type of illness a patient is experiencing OPQRST An abbreviation for key terms used in evaluating a patients pain: Onset, Provocation or Palliation, Quality, Region/radiation, Severity, and timing of pain Orientation Mental status of a patient as measured by the memory of a person, place, time, and events Palpate To examine by touch Paradoxical motion The motion of the chest wall section that is attached in a flail chest, the motion is exactly the opposite of normal motion during breathing Perfusion Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue Personal protective equipment (PPE) Clothing or specialized equipment that provides protection to the wearer Pertinent negatives Negative findings that warrant no care or intervention Primary assessment Step within the patient assessment process to identify and initiate treatment of immediate and potential life threats Pulse The pressure wave that occurs in each heartbeat causes a surge in the blood circulating through the arteries Pulse oximetry An assessment tool that measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the capillary bed Rales A crackling, rattling breath sound that signals fluid in air spaces of the lungs, also called crackles Reassessment A step within the patient assessment process that is performed at regular intervals during the assessment process. Its purpose is to identify and treat changes in the patient's condition. I pay a patient is unstable and patient an unstable condition should be reassessed every five minutes, where is a patient in stable condition should be reassessed every 15 minutes Responsiveness The way in which a patient responds to external stimuli, and painfull stimuli Retractions Movements in which the skin pulls in around the ribs during inspiration Rhonchi Coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in upper airway SAMPLE History A brief history of patients condition to determine signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, pertinent past history, last oral intake, and events leading to injury our illness Scene size-up A step within the patient assessment process that involves a quick assessment of the Scene and the surroundings to provide information about scene safety and the mechanism of injury or nature of illness before you enter and begin patient care Sclera The white portion of the eye; the tough outer coat that gives protection too the delicate sensitive inner layer Secondary assessment A step within the patient assessment process in which a systematic physical examination of the patient is performed the examination maybe systematic full body scan or a systematic assessment that focuses on a certain area or region of the body often determined through the chief complaint Shallow respirations Respirations that are characterized by little movement of the chest wall or poor chest excursion Sign Objective findings that can be seen, heard, felt, smelled, or measured Sniffing position An upright position in which the patient's head and Chad are threats lightly forward to keep the airway open Spontaneous respiration Breathing that occurs with no assistance Standard precautions Protective measures that have traditionally been developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for the use in dealing with objects, blood, body fluids, and other potential exposure risks of communicable diseases Stridor A harsh, high pitched, crowning inspiratory sound, such as the sound often heard in an acute laryngeal obstruction, may sound like growing and be audible without stethoscope Subcutaneous emphysema The presence of air in the tissues causing a terroristic crackling sensation on palpation Symptom Subjective findings that the patient feels but they can be identified by only the patient Systolic pressure The increase pressure in an artery with each contraction of the ventricles Tachycardia A rapid heart rate, more than 100 beats per minute Tidal volume The amount of air that is moved in or out of the lungs during one breath Triage The process of establishing treatment and transportation priorities according to the severity of injury and medical need Tripod position An upright position in which the patient leans forward onto to arm stretch forward and thrust the head and chin forward Two- and three-word dyspnea A severe breathing problem in which a patient can speak only two or three words at a time without pausing to take a breath Vasoconstriction Narrowing of a blood vessel Vital signs The keys signs that are used to evaluate the patient's overall condition, including respiration, pulse, blood pressure, level of consciousness, and skin characteristics