EMT Chapter 15 AAOS Eleventh Edition Rated A+

EMT Chapter 15 AAOS Eleventh Edition Rated A+ acidosis The buildup of excess acid in the blood or body tissues that results from a primary illness. adventitious breath sounds Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezing, stridor, rhonchi, and crackles. alkalosis The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids. allergen A substance that causes an allergic reaction. anaphylaxis An extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure. asthma An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages. atelectasis Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs. bronchial breath sounds Normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi. bronchiolitis Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus. bronchitis An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and, depending on its cause, sometimes fever. carbon dioxide retention A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide. carbon monoxide An odorless, colorless, tasteless, and high poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion. chronic bronchitis Irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction. continuous positive airway pressure A method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress; can prevent the need for endotracheal intubation. crackles Crackling, rattling breath sounds signaling fluid in the air spaces of the lungs; formerly called rales. croup An inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children. diphtheria An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx; this linking can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx. dyspnea Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. embolus A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage. emphysema A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. epiglottis A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction. hay fever An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis. hyperventilation Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal. hyperventilation syndrome This syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems. The respirations of a person who is experiencing hyperventilation syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths/min or as low as only 20 very deep breaths/min. Also known as a panic attack. hypoxia A condition in which the body's cells and tissues do not have enough oxygen. hypoxic drive A condition in which chronically low levels of oxygen in the blood stimulate the respiratory drive; seen in patients with chronic lung diseases. influenza type A Virus that has crossed the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H 1 N 1 strain. metered-dose inhaler A miniature spray canister used to direct medication through the mouth and into the lungs. orthopnea Sever dyspnea experienced when lying down and relieved by sitting up. oxygenation The process of delivering oxygen to the blood. pandemic An outbreak that occurs on a global scale. paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea Severe shortness of breath, especially at night after several hours of reclining; the person is forced to sit up to breathe. pertussis (whooping cough) An airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a "whoop" sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection. pleural effusion A collection of fluid between the lungs and chest wall that may compress the lung. pleuritic chest pain Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura. pneumonia An infectious disease of the lung that damages lung tissue. pneumothorax A partial or complete accumulation of air in the plueral space. pulmonary edema A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure. pulmonary embolism A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow. respiration The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. respiratory syncytial virus A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. RSV is highly contagious and spread through droplets. rhonchi Coarse breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the airways. small-volume nebulizer A respiratory device that holds liquid medicine that is turned into a fine mist. The patient inhales the medication into the airways and lungs as a treatment for conditions such as asthma. stridor A harsh, high-pitched, barking inspiratory sound often heard in acute laryngeal obstruction. tuberculosis A disease that can lay dormant in a person's lungs for decades, then reactivate; many strains are resistant to antibiotics. TB is spread by a cough. ventilatioin Exchange of air between the lungs and the environment, spontaneously by the patient or with assistance from another person, such as an EMT. vesicular breath sounds Normal breath sounds made by moving air in and out of the alveoli. wheezing A high-pitched, whistling breath sound, characteristically heard on expiration in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.