Human Movement Final Exam Graded A+

Hazards of Immobility - ANSWER-Decreased bowel action Decreased muscle fiber--- atrophy Respiratory system: Lungs do not expand fully Impairment of cough --- Pneumonia --- Decreased amount of blood to lungs Hazards of immobility: Cardiovascular System - ANSWER-Orthostatic hypotension Pooling of blood Sluggish circulation Phlebothrombosis (blood clot) Reduced kidney efficiency Hazards: Skin - ANSWER-Loss of subcutaneous tissue Wrinkling of skin Poor quality skin Pressure sores Hazards: Skeletal system - ANSWER-Demineralization Osteoporosis Calcium imbalance Contractures Optimum positioning: Pelvis - ANSWER-Centered on the seat Level in a lateral plane Slight anterior (forward) tilt Optimum positioning: Lower limbs - ANSWER-Thighs parallel and in neutral (no rotation) Feet should rest flat on floor or on footrests at 90 degrees OP: Trunk - ANSWER-Relies on positioning of pelvis Lumbar lordosis (inward curve) Minimal thoracic kyphosis (outward curve/rounding) Minimal cervical lordosis Op: head and neck - ANSWER-Head upright Neck in midline Poor fit - ANSWER-- Pressure ulcers - Shoulder overuse - Nerve compression - Impaired respiration