Amsco APUSH Chapter 9 graded A+

Amsco APUSH Chapter 9 graded A+ Northeast part of North including New England and the Middle Atlantic states Old Northwest part of North stretching from Ohio to Minnesota sectionalism different parts of the country developing unique and separate cultures (as the North, South and West), causes conflict Nativists people who reacted strongly against foreigners, mostly Protestants American Party/Know-Nothing Party political organization that was created after the election of 1852 by the Know-Nothings, was organized to oppose the great wave of immigrants who entered the United States after 1846 Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner secret antiforeign society formed by the Nativists free African Americans lived primarily in cities due to racial prejudice, had to show legal papers to prove free status planters Southern elite that owned at least 100 slaves and 1000 acres, dominated state legislatures in South to support their economic interests Codes of Chivalry a code of chivalrous conduct for Southern gentlemen, calling for personal honor, defense of womanhood, and paternalistic attitudes to all inferiors poor whites 3/4 of the southern Caucasian population, lived as subsistence farmers hillbillies derisive terms for poor whites, created by planters mountain men served as guides and pathfinders for settlers crossing the mountains into California and Oregon the West lies beyond the Mississippi River, to California and the Oregon Territory, promised more freedom for all ethnic groups frontier concept that remains concept, possibility of a fresh start Deep South where the majority of the country's cotton was produced, grand hub for work in lower Mississippi Valley American Indian Removal caused from American wants for lands, happened via emigration and military action Great Plains provided temporary respite for forced out Native Americans white settlers migrating similar to that of early colonists urbanization emphasized by the growth from 5% of North population in cities in 1800 to 15% in 1850 urban life crowded housing, poor sanitation, infectious diseases, and high crime rates, growth of slums new cities grew at key transportation points like the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River (Detroit, Chicago, St. Louis) Irish driven to America by potato famine, half of all immigrants this period were this group, notable for discrimination and hardworking attitude Roman Catholicism practiced by the majority of immigrants (Irish, German) Tammany Hall New York City's Democratic organization, initially excluded Irish, but they were soon influenced and then run by the group Germans driven to America via economic hardship and failures of democratic revolutions, mostly moved westward for land, very good farmers and artisans immigration strengthened U.S. economy by providing inexpensive labor and more demand for goods, caused by development of cheap quick ocean transportation, famines and revolutions, as well as America's general reputation King Cotton a reference to the crop's status as 2/3 of all American exports, and changing agriculture in the South Eli Whitney notable for inventions such as the cotton gin, revolutionizing the growth of said crop "peculiar institution" what some whites referred to slavery as, shows increasing split in attitudes over slavery Denmark Vesey/Nat Turner led slave revolts that were quickly suppressed, but gave hope to African Americans, and demonstrated evils of slavery slave codes designed to keep African Americans in bondage below the white man, tightened after slave revolts in the South Industrial Revolution a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods unions associations of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages Commonwealth v. Hunt peaceful unions have the right to negotiate labor contracts with employers ten-hour workday established by most North state legislatures Cyrus McCormick invented the mechanical reaper, helped efficiency of farming John Deere invented steel plow, helped efficiency of farming Daniel Webster attempted to portray dangers of sectionalism environmental damage caused by new farmers in the West, due to poor farming methods and little understanding of nature's fragility extinction white settlers in West almost caused this to beaver and buffalo