AP Computer Science Principles EXAM | 160 Questions and Answers(A+ Solution guide)

Overflow - error that results when the number of bits is not enough to hold the number, like a car's odometer "rolling over" Round-off - error that results when the number of bits is not enough to represent the actual number, like 3 digits to represent π as 3.14 Lossy - Compressing data in a way that throws some data away and makes it almost impossible to recover the original, great compression, like JPEG images Lossless - Compressing data in a way that preserves all data away and allows full recovery of the original, good compression -- usually not as good as lossy, like PNG images Metadata - data about data, like a camera storing the location, aperture, shutter speed, etc. for a digital photo Sequencing - code flows line by line, one after another, like a recipe Selection - a boolean condition to determine which of two algorithmic paths are taken, aka ifthen Iteration - using a looping control structure, like while, for, foreach, repeat, repeat-until, etc. Reasonable Time - polynomial in the number of steps an algorithm takes in the worst case based on the input size Not reasonable time - Usually exponential in the number of steps, like doubling every time your input grows by oneHeuristic - using a "rule" to guide an algorithm, like always walking toward the north star if you were stuck in a forest Undecidable - A problem that is so difficult, we can't ever create an algorithm that would be able to answer yes or no for all inputs, like determining if a user's program run on some input would always stop and not run forever