Evolution Questions and Answers Already Passed

Evolution Questions and Answers Already Passed Fossils provide clear evidence that evolution has occurred. True Embryos of many different vertebrates look much more similar than the adult organisms. True Early horses were about the size of a fox. True Darwin's comparison of DNA sequences provided strong evidence of evolution. False - scientists' Today's scientists compare the anatomy, embryos, and DNA of modern organisms to understand how they evolved. True Homologous structures are structures that are different in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor. False - similar Comparative anatomy is the study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species. True Homologous embryology is the study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species. False - comparative embryology Analogous structures are structures that are similar in related organisms. False - unrelated organisms Peter and Rosemary Grant were actually able to observe evolution by natural selection taking place. True The wings of bats and birds serve the same function and are homologous structures. False - analogous structures Adaptive radiation is when one species evolves into a new species to fill an available niche. False - many new species Biogeography is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do. True The Galápagos finches have provided a tremendous amount of information about evolution. True DNA sequence similarities are the strongest evidence for evolution from a common ancestor. True What is biogeography and what does it provide? Biogeography is the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do. It provides more evidence for evolution. Where do all camels come from? All of today's camels are descended from the same camel ancestors. These ancestors lived in North America about a million years ago. Why did camels evolve? They evolved adaptations that suited them for the particular environment where they lived. What is adaptive radiation? Give an example. Adaptive radiation is the process by which a single species evolves into many new species to fill available niches. For example, Darwin's finches evolved from one common ancestor. This ancestor evolved into many different species depending on food type. What did the Grants study? What did they observe? The Grants studied Darwin's finches. They observed evolution by natural selection taking place when a drought occurred. Birds with bigger beaks survived and reproduced because they could eat all sizes of seeds, whereas small-beaked birds could only eat small seeds. Evidence of evolution includes _____. DNA sequence analysis the fossil record anatomical evidence Which of the following is true about horse evolution? (1) Early horses were about the size of a fox. (2) Early horses had toes. (3) During evolution, their molars became covered with cement. 1, 2, and 3 Examples of analogous structures are _____. the wings of bats and birds An example of a vestigial structure is the _____. human tail bone The strongest evidence for evolution from a common ancestor is _____. similar DNA sequences Island biogeography _____. provides information on the migration and evolution of the finch Biogeography shows that all camels _____. came from ancestors that lived in North America Peter and Rosemary Grant _____. actually observed evolution by natural selection taking place the strongest evidence for evolution from a common ancestor DNA sequences shows how organisms are related by descent from common ancestors cladogram structures that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor homologous structure scientists who find and study fossils paleontologist structures that are similar in unrelated organisms analogous structure provide clear evidence that evolution has occurred fossils reduced structures that are no longer used vestigial structure the process by which a single species evolves into many new species to fill available niches adaptive radiation the study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species comparative embryology the study of how and why plants and animals live where they do biogeography the study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species comparative anatomy Humans and apes are evolutionarily closely related, based on analysis of their _____. DNA sequences Wings of bats and birds serve the same function and are ____________ structures. analogous Comparative _____ is the study of the similarities and differences in the structures of different species. anatomy _____ demonstrate that during the evolution of the whale, the whale moved from land into the sea. fossils The human tail bone and appendix are _____ structures. vestigial _____ structures are structures that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor. homologous Comparative _____ is the study of the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species. embryology Early North American camels migrated to other places, some crossing a land bridge during the last _____. ice age The forelimbs of all mammals have the same basic bone _____. pattern/structure Scientists who find and study fossils are called _____. paleontologists Peter and Rosemary Grant studied Darwin's _____ in the Galápagos Islands. finches The biogeography of _____ yields some of the best evidence for evolution. finches As recently as 200 years ago, many people believed that Earth was only 6,000 years old. True Artificial selection occurs when nature selects for beneficial traits. False - humans The individual Galápagos Islands are all similar to each other. False - different Malthus argued that human populations grow faster than their resources. True Lamarck was one of the first scientists to propose that species evolve by natural selection. False - inheritance of acquired characteristics Lyell was one of the first to say that Earth must be far older than most people believed. True Lamarck's inheritance of acquired characteristics is has become a widely accepted scientific theory. False - incorrect Fossils proved to Darwin that species can evolve. True The term fitness to refer to an organism's ability to outrun its hunters. False - to survive and produce fertile offspring Darwin published his findings soon after returning to England from the voyage of the Beagle. False - his teacher published Darwin's findings while he was away According to Darwin, natural selection is what occurs, and evolution is how it happens. False - evolution occurs by natural selection During his journey aboard the Beagle, Darwin found fossils from the seas in the mountains. True Galápagos tortoises have differently shaped shells depending on where they live. True Darwin's book changed science forever. True Alfred Russel Wallace developed a theory of evolution at the same time as Darwin. True What was Darwin's role on the Beagle? naturalist - observed and collected specimens of plants, animals, rocks, and fossils What was significant about the new habitats Darwin visited? impressed him with the great diversity of life What was significant about the rocks Darwin found in the mountains? continents and oceans had changed dramatically over time What was significant about the fossils Darwin found? living things change over time What did Darwin notice about life on the Galapagos Islands? the plants and animals on the different islands differed _____ developed the theory of evolution by natural selection. Charles Darwin The voyage of the Beagle circled the globe. This voyage lasted _____. 5 years Aboard the Beagle, Darwin served as _____. a naturalist During the voyage of the Beagle, Darwin _____. experienced an earthquake that lifted the ocean floor 9 feet dug up fossils of gigantic extinct mammals saw many plants and animals he had never seen before Where did Darwin make some of his most important observations that helped him develop his theory? the Galapagos Islands Who argued that human populations grow faster than the resources they depend on? Thomas Malthus One of the first scientists to propose that species change over time was _____. Jean Baptiste Lamarck change in species over time evolution one of the first scientists to propose that species change over time Lamarck ship on which Darwin served as naturalist HMS Beagle his theory of evolution unifies all of biology Darwin the process by which evolution occurs natural selection argued that human populations grow faster than the resources they depend on Malthus small volcanic islands where Darwin made many important observations Galapagos Islands selecting for plants and animals with useful traits artificial selection Who argued that gradual geological processes have gradually shaped Earth's surface Lyell states that traits an organism develops during its own life time can be passed on to offspring inheritance of acquired characteristics developed a theory of evolution at the same time as Darwin Wallace an organism's relative ability to survive and produce fertile offspring fitness In 1831, Darwin set sail on a scientific expedition on a ship called the _____. HMS Beagle Darwin's most important observations were made _____. on the Galapagos Islands Lamarck developed the idea known as the _____. inheritance of acquired characteristics The _____ Darwin found helped convince him that species change over time. fossils The term _____ refers to an organism's ability to survive and produce fertile offspring. fitness _____ paper on evolution confirmed Darwin's ideas. Wallace's _____ said that Earth must be far older than most people believed. Lyell Darwin was influenced by his knowledge of _____. artificial selection Darwin proposed that _____ selects the variations in organisms that are most useful. nature The Galápagos Islands are known for having giant _____ with differently shaped shells. tortoises From Malthus, Darwin knew that populations could grow faster than their _____. resources Darwin's theory of evolution unifies all of _____. biology