Gastroenterology PACKRAT questions with correct answers

History & Physical/Gastrointestinal/Nutritional A patient is known to have end stage liver disease due to cirrhosis. Which of the following physical examination findings would commonly be seen in this patient? Answers A. Testicular hypertrophy B. Muscular pseudohypertrophy C. Gynecomastia D. Hepatomegaly CORRECT ANSWER Explanations (u) A. Testicular atrophy, wasting of the muscles of the lower extremity, spider angiomas, caput medusa and gynecomastia are physical examination findings associated with end stage liver disease associated due to cirrhosis. (u) B. Muscular pseudohypertrophy is seen in muscular dystrophy. (c) C. See A for explanation. (u) D. Patients with end stage liver failure who have cirrhosis have a small shrunken liver from the ongoing cellular destruction and fibrosis. History & Physical/Gastrointestinal/Nutritional Which of the following is the most consistent physical examination finding in a patient with duodenal ulcer? Answers A. Flank tenderness B. Right upper quadrant tenderness C. Epigastric tenderness D. Rebound tenderness CORRECT ANSWER Explanations (u) A. Flank tenderness is caused by urologic disorders such as pyelonephritis and renal lithiasis.