TEST BANK
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Overview if the Immune System
Chapter 2 Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System
Chapter 3 Receptors and Signaling: B and T-Cell Receptors
Chapter 4 Receptors and Signaling: Cytokines and Chemokines
Chapter 5 Innate Immunity
Chapter 6 The Complement System
Chapter 7 The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes
Chapter 8 The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen
Presentation
Chapter 9 T-Cell Development
Chapter 10 B-Cell Development
Chapter 11 T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory
Chapter 12 B-Cell Activation, Differentiation and Memory Generation
Chapter 13 Effector Responses: Cell and Antibody-Mediated Immunity
Chapter 14 The Immune Response in Space and Time
Chapter 15 Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation
Chapter 16 Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation
Chapter 17 Infectious Diseases and Vaccines
Chapter 18 Immunodeficiency Disorders
Chapter 19 Cancer and the Immune System
Chapter 20 Experimental Systems and Methods
,1. Which is the best definition of □immunity□?
A. The state of having been exposed to a pathogen repeatedly
B. The state of being resistant to reinfection with a pathogen
C. When an individual has never been exposed to a pathogen
D. When the immune system is activated
E. When physical barriers are not enough to prevent infection
Answer: B
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 1
Hint: Vaccines can induce immunity.
2. What happens to a pathogen as it becomes attenuated?
A. It becomes more dangerous to the host.
B. It gets smaller.
C. It has weakened virulence.
D. At becomes older.
E. All of the above
Answer: C
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Attenuated viruses are used as vaccines.
A. A child infected with measles travels from Germany to the United States.
Several babies contract the disease, but the outbreak is largely contained due
to vaccinations.
B. Certain populations of cattle are less susceptible to infection with enc
ephalitis because of their genetic makeup.
C. Once a certain threshold of individuals has been infected with a novel h
uman pathogen, it is unlikely that any more will be.
D. Geese and chickens are infected with different strains of influenza beca
use they express different receptors on their cell surface.
E. When infection spreads through a population, certain individuals generat
e stronger immune responses than others.
Answer: A
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 2
Hint: The herd protects the individual.
4. Which of the following diseases does NOT currently have an effective vac
cine?
A. Chicken pox
B. Polio
C. HIV
D. Small pox
E. Diptheria
Answer: C
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 1
Hint: Most vaccines protect almost everyone from infection.
5. Effectors of the humoral immune system are known as:
A. antibodies.
B. immunoglobulin.
, C. complement.
D. B cells.
E. All of the above
Answer: E
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 1
Hint: There is a cellular and a humoral component to the adaptive immune respons
e.
6. Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes?
A. Macrophages
B. Mast cells
C. Neutrophils
D. Erythrocytes
E. T cells
Answer: E
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 1
Hint: lymphocytes are involved in adaptive immunity.
7. Which of the following is TRUE about antigens?
A. They are always derived from pathogens.
B. They are always proteins.
C. They are recognized by T cells or B cells.
D. They must be microbial in origin.
E. They usually cause cellular damage.
Answer: C
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 1
Hint: There are many kinds of antigens.
8. Two main early theories were proposed to explain how antigen-specific an
tibodies develop: the instructional theory and the selective theory. How did the
two differ? Which was ultimately shown to be CORRECT?
Answer: The selective theory says that, when an antigen receptor binds with an a
ntigen, the cell becomes activated (or the cell is selected to proliferate and s
ecrete more copies of the receptor). The instructional theory says that the anti
gen receptor molds itself to the antigen. The selective theory was shown to be c
orrect.
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 3
Hint: There is a cellular and a humoral component to the adaptive immune respons
e.
A. Vibrio cholerae
B. Leishmania major
C. Poliovirus
,TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 Overview if the Immune System
Chapter 2 Cells, Organs, and Microenvironments of the Immune System
Chapter 3 Receptors and Signaling: B and T-Cell Receptors
Chapter 4 Receptors and Signaling: Cytokines and Chemokines
Chapter 5 Innate Immunity
Chapter 6 The Complement System
Chapter 7 The Organization and Expression of Lymphocyte Receptor Genes
Chapter 8 The Major Histocompatibility Complex and Antigen
Presentation
Chapter 9 T-Cell Development
Chapter 10 B-Cell Development
Chapter 11 T-Cell Activation, Differentiation, and Memory
Chapter 12 B-Cell Activation, Differentiation and Memory Generation
Chapter 13 Effector Responses: Cell and Antibody-Mediated Immunity
Chapter 14 The Immune Response in Space and Time
Chapter 15 Allergy, Hypersensitivities, and Chronic Inflammation
Chapter 16 Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Transplantation
Chapter 17 Infectious Diseases and Vaccines
Chapter 18 Immunodeficiency Disorders
Chapter 19 Cancer and the Immune System
Chapter 20 Experimental Systems and Methods
,1. Which is the best definition of □immunity□?
A. The state of having been exposed to a pathogen repeatedly
B. The state of being resistant to reinfection with a pathogen
C. When an individual has never been exposed to a pathogen
D. When the immune system is activated
E. When physical barriers are not enough to prevent infection
Answer: B
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 1
Hint: Vaccines can induce immunity.
2. What happens to a pathogen as it becomes attenuated?
A. It becomes more dangerous to the host.
B. It gets smaller.
C. It has weakened virulence.
D. At becomes older.
E. All of the above
Answer: C
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 2
Hint: Attenuated viruses are used as vaccines.
A. A child infected with measles travels from Germany to the United States.
Several babies contract the disease, but the outbreak is largely contained due
to vaccinations.
B. Certain populations of cattle are less susceptible to infection with enc
ephalitis because of their genetic makeup.
C. Once a certain threshold of individuals has been infected with a novel h
uman pathogen, it is unlikely that any more will be.
D. Geese and chickens are infected with different strains of influenza beca
use they express different receptors on their cell surface.
E. When infection spreads through a population, certain individuals generat
e stronger immune responses than others.
Answer: A
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 2
Hint: The herd protects the individual.
4. Which of the following diseases does NOT currently have an effective vac
cine?
A. Chicken pox
B. Polio
C. HIV
D. Small pox
E. Diptheria
Answer: C
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 1
Hint: Most vaccines protect almost everyone from infection.
5. Effectors of the humoral immune system are known as:
A. antibodies.
B. immunoglobulin.
, C. complement.
D. B cells.
E. All of the above
Answer: E
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 1
Hint: There is a cellular and a humoral component to the adaptive immune respons
e.
6. Which of the following cell types are lymphocytes?
A. Macrophages
B. Mast cells
C. Neutrophils
D. Erythrocytes
E. T cells
Answer: E
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 1
Hint: lymphocytes are involved in adaptive immunity.
7. Which of the following is TRUE about antigens?
A. They are always derived from pathogens.
B. They are always proteins.
C. They are recognized by T cells or B cells.
D. They must be microbial in origin.
E. They usually cause cellular damage.
Answer: C
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 1
Hint: There are many kinds of antigens.
8. Two main early theories were proposed to explain how antigen-specific an
tibodies develop: the instructional theory and the selective theory. How did the
two differ? Which was ultimately shown to be CORRECT?
Answer: The selective theory says that, when an antigen receptor binds with an a
ntigen, the cell becomes activated (or the cell is selected to proliferate and s
ecrete more copies of the receptor). The instructional theory says that the anti
gen receptor molds itself to the antigen. The selective theory was shown to be c
orrect.
Section: A Historical Perspective
Difficulty: 3
Hint: There is a cellular and a humoral component to the adaptive immune respons
e.
A. Vibrio cholerae
B. Leishmania major
C. Poliovirus
