Principles of Nursing Test 2 (Wilkes University) Chapters 19,26,30,33,34(on back massage) |228 questions and answers

Chapter 19 ... genes control "genetic clocks Genetic focuses on the functions of the immune system Immunity chemical reaction damaging the DNA and causing cell death Cross-linkage formed during cellular metabolism that have adverse effects on adjacent molecules. Free radical What age group is considered middle adult? 40 - 65 What is the physiologic part for middle adults gradual internal and external physiologic changes occur What is the cognitive development of the middle adult? Little change from young adulthood What is the development of the middle adults psychosocial? time of increased personal freedom, economic stability, and social relationships What are tasks for the middle adult hood according to Erikson? Establish and guide the next generation. Accept middle-age changes. Adjust to the needs of aging parents. Re-evaluate one's goals and accomplishments. (if not met tend to focus on themselves, becoming overly concerned with their own physical and emotional health needs.) What are some leading causes of death in middle adulthood? Malignant neoplasms Cardiovascular disease Unintentional injury including poisoning, motor vehicle accidents, and falls Diabetes mellitus Chronic lower respiratory disease Cerebrovascular causes What are Major health problmes for middle aged adults? Rheumatoid arthritis Obesity Alcoholism Depression (ROAD) What are the roles of the nurs for promoting health in middle aged adults? Teach dangers of substance abuse and alchol consumption Teach adults to diet low in fat and cholesterol Teach about exercise What is the development of the adult age? >65 years of age What age is young old-age? 60-74 What is middle old age? 75-84 What is old-old age? Greater than or more than 85 years old What is the physiologic stance of development for older adult? all organ systems undergo some degree of decline, body less efficient What is the cognitive stance of development for the older adult? does not change appreciably, may take longer to respond and react What is the psychosocial stance of development for the older adult? self-concept is relatively stable throughout adult life What is ego integrity? when an older adult has successfully accomplished tasks earlier in life, to look back with pride and without regrets and forward with optimism and enthusiasm What is despair for erkisions theory? when a person views life as a series of unresolved problems and missed opportunities and feels worthless or hopeless. the view that older people are different than younger people; therefore, they do not experience the same desires, needs, and concerns as other age groups. Ageisim What are some changes of the older adult hood? Physical strength and health decline Retirment and reduced income Health of spouce Relating to ones age group Social roles Living arrangement Family and role reversal is characteristic of later life. Self transcendence limits activities in almost half of older adults. Chronic Illness What are major causes in accidental injures in older adults Changes in vision and hearing Loss of mass and strength of muscles Combined effects of chronic illness and medications (polypharmacy) organic brain changes slow onset Dementia degeneration of neurologic . Starts with forgetfulness Alzheimers normal throughout day may be agitated confused later Sundowns syndrome What is cascades iatrogeneisis for accident prevention mnemonic? S-Sleep Disorders P-Problems with eating or feeding I-Incontinence C-Confusion E-Evidence of falls S-Skin breakdown What are goals of nursing care? Promote independent function. Support individual strengths. Prevent complications of illness. Secure a safe and comfortable environment. Promote return to health. Helping the Patient Recognize His _____ and _____. Self-Worth and Strengths Should you let the pt acknowledge and allow expression of negative feelings? yes Shoulsd you help the pt recognize strengths and explore alternatives to mainintin sense of self? Yes Chapter 30 ... Personal hygiene is very ____ personal What are some things that affect personal hygiene? Culture Socioeconomic class Spiritual practices Developmental level Health state Personal preferences What are benefits of personal hygiene? Helps physical and psychological well-being Fosters activity and movement Provides comfort Imporves self esteem Removes oils, perspiration, dead skin cells, & bacteria Stimulates Circulation Physical Assessment Therapeutic Communications Does hygiene care strengthen the nurse pt relationship? Yes What are types of hygiene care? Early AM Care Afternoon or PM Care Hour of sleep care (HS) PRN Care Offer Urinal/Bedpan Wash Face & Hands Oral Hygiene Get Patient ready for the day Early AM Care Does therapeutic hygiene care need a physicans order? Yes (Therapeutic 20-30 minutes in length) Water temp should be between? F Infant 105F Should you premedicate for pain before bathroom care? Yes What are some reasons for providing back massage? Acts as a general body conditioner Relieves muscle tension and promotes relaxation Provides opportunity for nurse to observe skin for signs of breakdowns Improves circulation May decrease pain, distress, and anxiety May improve sleep quality What are the 4 techniques of back rub? Effleurage Massage Petrissage Pressure What is Effleurage? Ligh guiding strokes What is massage? Kneading What is prerssure? Corkscrew-like motion How long should a backrub be? 4 to 6 minutes Should you rub directly over spine? No? (always apply pressure away from the spine) Should you massage legs or areas of redness over bony prominences? NO What kind of hygiene care is this?: Transfer from ER Diaphoretic (soaked the bed) Incontinence PRN Care What should you cleanse the vaginal area with? Plain soap and water How should hygein care be taken care of with patients with dementia? Focus on the pt rather than the task. Use persuasion not coercion Be prepared Stop when pt becomes distressed Ask for help How should hygiene care be taken care for foot and nail care? Assessment health history hygiene precautions Client teaching What is the assessment part for foot and nail care for hygiene? Inspect all surfaces Palpate for edema Palapate for pulse Compare skin temp Health history Should you put lotion between toes? NO Should you file rather than cut nails? YES