Chapter 04: Perspectives in Global Health Care

NURSING 10 Chapter 04: Perspectives in Global Health Care Stanhope: Public Health Nursing: Population-Centered Health Care in the Community, 10th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. What is the key to achieving the goals of Health for All in the 21st Century (HFA21) worldwide? a. The cure of communicable disease b. The technological development of all nations c. The worldwide availability of health care insurance d. The worldwide implementation of primary health care ANS: D The major key to attaining Health for All by the Year 2000 was the worldwide implementation of primary health care; this has extended into the next century with the document HFA21. The World Health Assembly in 1977 stated that all citizens of the world should enjoy a level of health that would permit them to lead a socially and economically productive life. Curing communicable disease, technological developments of all nations, and availability of health care insurance are not part of the key strategies to achieve the goals of HFA21. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 2. Which health problem is ofNgUreRatSesIt NcoGnTceBrn.iCn OthMe world’s developed countries? a. Hepatitis b. Malaria c. Polio d. Smallpox ANS: A Current health concerns in more developed countries are hepatitis, infectious diseases, and new viral strains such as hantavirus, SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome), H1N1, and avian flu. Malaria, polio, and smallpox are more commonly found in lesser-developed countries. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 3. What disease that was once isolated and rare is now widespread throughout the world? a. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) b. Smallpox c. Malaria d. Measles ANS: A Smallpox has been eradicated; malaria and measles were not isolated and rare throughout the world. AIDS was once isolated and rare but is now worldwide. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 4. Which country is referred to as being lesser-developed? a. France b. Japan c. Indonesia d. Sweden ANS: C A country that is not yet stable with respect to its economy and technological development is lesser-developed, which describes Indonesia. France, Japan, and Sweden are considered developed countries. DIF: Cognitive level: Remembering TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 5. The health priorities in HEALTH21 are based on what concept? a. Eradication of communicable disease worldwide b. Social justice and solidarity with an emphasis on the responsibility for health c. World trade and knowledge sharing about health concerns d. Provisions for the creation of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) ANS: B HEALTH21 is not a single, finite goal but a strategic process that can lead to progressive improvement in the health of people. It is a call for social justice and solidarity with an emphasis on individual, famiUly, aSnd NcomTmunityOresponsibility for health. The concepts of eradication of communicable disease worldwide, world trade and knowledge sharing about health concerns, and provisions for the creation of UNICEF are not part of these health priorities. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 6. Population health is an approach and perspective that focuses on what? a. Controlling the spread of the HIV virus worldwide b. The broad range of factors and conditions that influence health c. Community-based care for all citizens d. Prevention and diagnosis of disease worldwide ANS: B Population health is a holistic approach that considers the total health system. The focus of population health is broader than only considering spread of the HIV virus. Population health considers more than the community-based care in the community. Population health examines spread of disease on a smaller scale. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 7. A nurse is examining the income levels and social networks of individuals in a community. Which term is used to identify the factors the nurse is investigating? a. Culture b. Development c. Community d. Determinants ANS: D Determinants are conditions and factors that are important considerations in population health. Culture refers to the beliefs and customs of a certain group. Development refers to something that is being created. Community is a group of people living in the same geographic location. DIF: Cognitive level: Remembering TOP: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 8. What is a characteristic of multilateral organizations? a. Receiving their funding from multiple sources b. Controlling the spread of disease c. Feeding the people of the world d. Using nurses as their main source of information ANS: A Multilateral organizations are those that receive funding from multiple government and nongovernment sources. The other items are specific to the agencies listed, but do not include all the organizations. DIF: Cognitive level: ReNmUemRbSeIrinNgGTB.TCOOPM: Nursing process: Assessment MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 9. A nurse plans to contact a multilateral organization. Which organization would the nurse most likely contact? a. United Nations (UN) b. United States Agency for International Development (USAID) c. Project Hope d. Catholic Relief Services ANS: A A multilateral organization is one that receives funding from multiple governments and nongovernmental sources, which describes the UN. Project Hope and Catholic Relief Services are private voluntary organizations. USAID is funded by one country, the United States. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care 10. A nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB). Which medication would the nurse most likely administer? a. Isoniazid b. Nevirapine c. Amodiaquine d. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) ANS: A Isoniazid is one of several chemotherapeutic medications used to treat TB. Nevirapine is used to decrease the likelihood of maternal transmission of HIV-AIDS. Amodiaquine is one of several medications used to treat malaria. BCG is a vaccine that has been promoted as effective in inducing active immunity against TB. DIF: Cognitive level: Applying TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Physiological Integrity: Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies 11. A nurse working in a lesser-developed country is caring for the women in the local community. Which existing factor regarding the women would be an important consideration for the nurse? a. They are at risk for a vitamin D deficiency. b. They are likely to have one child. c. They are at risk for death during pregnancy and childbirth. d. They are viewed as the leader of the family unit. ANS: C Most deaths to women worldwide are related to pregnancy and childbirth. Most of these deaths occur in lesser-developed countries. Common nutritional deficiencies in this population are zinc, iodine, vitamin A, folic acid, and calcium. One of the reasons this problem exists is because women are not seen as valued members of society. In developing nations there is a significant incidence of lack of prenatal care during pregnancy and high fertility rates, often due to a lack of access to contraception and other family planning and reproductive health services,Uas wSellNas cTulturalObelief systems that increase the lifetime risk of maternal death. DIF: Cognitive level: Understanding TOP: Nursing process: Planning MSC: NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance 12. Which intergovernmental organization focuses its efforts on assisting countries in Latin America? a. Pan American Health Organization b. World Bank c. World Health Organization (WHO) d. United Nations Children’s Fund ANS: A The Pan American Health Organization serves as a regional field office in Latin America for the WHO. The World Bank’s major aim is to lend money to the lesser-developed countries so that they might use it to improve the health status of their people. The WHO addresses the wide scope and nature of the world’s health problems. The United Nations Children’s Fund is an advocate for the health needs of women and children under the age of 5. DIF: Cognitive level: Remembering TOP: Nursing process: Assessment 13. An example of a successful campaign against which of the following communicable diseases was carried out during the 1960s and 1970s? a. Tetanus b. Measles c. Pertussis d. Smallpox ANS: D Smallpox was virtually eliminated throughout the world because of immunization. Tetanus, measles, and pertussis all continue to exist throughout the world. DIF: Cognitive level: Remembering TOP: Nursing process: Implementation MSC: NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care