AAMC full length 2, EXAM Overviews 2023 Update

AAMC full length 2, EXAM Overviews 2023 Update amide linking is peptide on the carboxyl side - ANS-so amide linkage involving the N atom in AMC used to covalently attach flurophore to the peptide what expression gives the amount of light energy (J/photon) that is converted to other forms between the fluorescence excitation and emission events? - ANS-E=hf = hc/lambda, here we see that excitation is at 360 nm but observation is at 440 nm. so you have E = (6.62 x 10^-34)(3x 10^8)x (1/360x10^9- 1/440 x 10^-9) the concentration of enzyme was 5 microM. what is Kcat for the reaction at ph 4.5 with no chloride added when compound 3 is the substrate. - ANS-Kcat= Vmax/ [E]. = (125 nM/s)/ (5 microM/s) absorption - ANS-excitation of bound electrons half life of a radioactive material is - ANS-the time it takes for half of all the radioactive nuclei to decay into their DAUGHTER nuclei person in chair must lean forward to get up because - ANS-keeps body in equilibrium while rising aromatic side chains have absorbed photon energy that is lower - ANS-bc near UV region of EM spectrum, longer wavelengths so lower energy. gaama phosphate - ANS-the phosphoryl transfer from kinases comes from this part. then the beta and then the alpha. venturi effect - ANS-oxygen pressure is the same of oxygen static pressure P and oxygen flow pressure rv^2/2. p air>p lung relative vapor pressure - ANS-use BOILING POINT. storage lipids - ANS-three fatty acids ester-linked to a single glycerol red CAT an OX - ANS-ALWAYS. lewis base - ANS-will have lone pair solidstatecatalyst - ANS-increase amount of ammonia produced per unit time if equilibrium constant is very large that means - ANS-product is favored, so spontaneous process with negative G coordinate covalent bond - ANS-the lewis acid-base interaction between a metal cation and an electron pair donor is a coordinate covalent bond coordination number - ANS-the number of something to binds to a central something else [Cu(NH3)4]^2+ what is Ca2+ concentration is saturated CaCO3 (Ksp for CaCO3 being 4.9 x 10^-9) - ANS-so you have [Ca2+][CO3^2-], so they equal x^2, so your answer will be 7 x 10^-5 higher bond energy = shorter bond - ANS-remember this. esp if all options are single bonds. hess's law = delta h of products- reactants - ANS-remember this @STP, 1 mole = 22.4 liters - ANS-remember this power consumed. P= E/t= pe/t= mgh/t - ANS-(30 steps x 0.15 m/ step x 54 kgs 10)/27s= 90 W eslastic work = w=kx^2 - ANS-remember this if a lens has a NEGATIVE focal length it means that it is DIVERGING. - ANS-diverging lens always form VIRTUAL AND REDUCED images of objects situated at distances larger than the focal length energy conversion on battery powered resistive circuit when current is flowing - ANSchemical to electric to thermal protein secondary structure is hydrogen bonds between - ANS-backbone amide protons and carbonyl oxygens phosphodiester - ANS-linked the 3' carbon atom of one deoxyribose and the 5- carbon atom of another within DNA sulfhydryl group - ANS--SH, so a cysteine lsyosome - ANS-phagocytosis isoelectricpoint of 9 means - ANS-positively charged at ph 7 B-catenin has a nuclear localization sequence - ANS-it activates transcriptions factors for Wnt target genes. proteins translocated into the nuclear usually contain a nuclear localization sequence ubiquitination - ANS-targets a protein for degradation by a proteasome GADPH catalyzes - ANS-conversion of glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate to 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate western blotting - ANS-used to see posttranslational modification of proteins. southern blot is DNA and northern blot is RNA vasopressin regulates fusion of aquaporins with the apical membranes of - ANS-the COLLECTING DUCT epithelial cells II=iMRT - ANS-osmotic pressure prion - ANS-infectious protein blood from the small intestine goes to the - ANS-LIVER. endoscopes - ANS-fuse the viral membrane with the host cell membrane to internalize viral particles through endocytosis proteases - ANS-digest proteins into smaller fragments wobbly end - ANS-the carboy-terminal end. amino terminal end should stay the same phosphoenolpyruvate - ANS-a product of glycolysis glucose ATP - ANS-1 glucose = 2 ATP microtubules extend from a central - ANS-centrosome where does sperm become motile and capable of fertilization - ANS-epididymis atp in muscles - ANS-breaks the myosin head from the actin linguistic relativity hypothesis - ANS-humans better at distinguishing colors for which their language has a name source monitoring errors - ANS-confuse the source of knowledge dissociative disorder - ANS-selective forgetting, usually from a traumatic incident reward seeking motivation - ANS-operant conditioning- change in behavior due to past outcomes fundamental attribution error - ANS-blaming someones personality (dispositional) vs the situation schematic processing - ANS-relevant to explaining response times because speed of processing presumed to indicate the participants implicit attitude cognitive attitude - ANS-beliefs and ideas social desirability - ANS-trying to fit what people like when face to face which drug has LOWEST risk of dependence - ANS-hallucinogens social loafing - ANS-participants generate more alternatives alone than in a group because of social loafing. individuals are less critical and less creative in groups groupthink - ANS-the presence of conformity pressures and beliefs of superiority that lead decision-making groups to fail to critically evaluate their alternatives and options confirmation bias - ANS-confirm existing view and ignore disconfirming evidence left brain hemisphere - ANS-vocabulary skills right brain hemisphere - ANS-visuospatial skills, music perception, emotion processing emotional intelligence - ANS-self-aware and can delay gratification in pursuit of longterm rewards, rather than being overtaken by immediate impulses escape learning -you stop it - ANS-A type of learning in which the subject acquires a response that terminates some aversive stimulation. avoidance learning -you don't go near it - ANS-A type of learning in which the subject acquires a response that enables it to avoid an unpleasant stimulus altogether acquisition - ANS-neutral stimulus becoming conditioned stimulus cognitive behavioral therapy - ANS-first addresses maladaptive behaviors through behavior therapy to systemically modify a person's behavior. use self assessments for cognitive change structural functionalism - ANS-latent unintended function of a social activity. distinction between manifest (intended) and latent (unintended) functions of social activities which contribute to social stability In an oxygen association curve: the right curve is ____ affinity for O2 the left curve is _______ affinity for O2 - ANS-the right curve is HIGHER affinity for O2 the left curve is LOWER affinity for O2 If someone lives in high altitudes do they have a higher/lower affinity for O2? - ANSHigher affinity Isolated alpha chains are also known as _________ - ANS-single peptides How does strenuous affect the normal 0.25 Hb coefficient? - ANS-Increases the coefficient for Hb What are two forms of metabolism? - ANS-Catabolism (big --> small) Anabolism (small--> big) * like the steroid Is ammonia produced in the lumen? - ANS-No, produced in individual cells What is not usually found in urine? a. albumin b. sodium c. urea d. potassium - ANS-a. albumin What does benzene look like? - ANSCarotene oxidation = Carotene hydration = - ANS-colorless What compounds are most likely to produce color? - ANS-multiple double bonds conjugated Conjugated - ANS-alternating double bonds Resonance - ANS-reduces energy and moves towards visible spectrum.. produces color Absolute configuration and its rules - ANS-CCW = S CW = R Where is the ureter found (male/female) - ANS-BOTH What produces color? - ANS-- multiple conjugated bonds - resonance Are these diploid/haploid? 1. Spermatogonium ______ 2. Zygote ______ 3. Primary oocyte _______ 4. Spermatid ____ - ANS-1. Diploid 2. Diploid 3. Diploid 4. Haploid Continues...