Grade 11
Physical Science
Study Notes
,Disclaimer:
The following study notes, formula sheets, and summaries are intended for educa onal purposes and personal reference. They should not
replace official textbooks, classroom instruc on, or professional advice. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, these materials
may contain errors or omissions. Users are encouraged to cross-reference this informa on with authorita ve sources and consult with
educators or subject ma er experts for clarifica on or addi onal guidance. The use of these materials is at the reader's discre on, and the
creators and distributors of these materials are not responsible for any consequences resul ng from their use
,Contents
Chapter 1: Vectors in 2 Dimensions ........................................................................................................ 6
1.1 Introduc on .................................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 Resultant of Perpendicular Vectors............................................................................................... 6
1.3 Components of Vectors ................................................................................................................. 7
1.4 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Chapter 2: Newton's Laws....................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Introduc on .................................................................................................................................. 8
2.2 Force.............................................................................................................................................. 8
2.3 Newton's Laws .............................................................................................................................. 8
2.4 Forces Between Masses ................................................................................................................ 9
2.5 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 9
Chapter 3: Atomic Combina ons .......................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Introduc on ................................................................................................................................ 11
3.2 Molecular Shape ......................................................................................................................... 11
3.3 Electronega vity ......................................................................................................................... 11
3.4 Energy and Bonding .................................................................................................................... 11
3.5 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 4: Intermolecular Forces ......................................................................................................... 13
4.1 Intermolecular and Interatomic Forces....................................................................................... 13
4.2 The Chemistry of Water .............................................................................................................. 13
4.3 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 14
Chapter 5: Geometrical Op cs .............................................................................................................. 15
5.1 Summary of Proper es of Light .................................................................................................. 15
5.2 Light Rays .................................................................................................................................... 15
5.3 Proper es of Light ....................................................................................................................... 15
5.4 The Speed of Light....................................................................................................................... 15
5.5 Refrac on .................................................................................................................................... 15
5.6 Snell's Law ................................................................................................................................... 16
5.7 Cri cal Angles and Total Internal Reflec on ............................................................................... 16
5.8 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Chapter 6: 2D and 3D Wavefronts ........................................................................................................ 17
6.1 Introduc on ................................................................................................................................ 17
6.2 Wavefronts .................................................................................................................................. 17
, 6.3 Huygens' Principle ....................................................................................................................... 17
6.4 Diffrac on ................................................................................................................................... 17
6.5 Diffrac on through a Single Slit .................................................................................................. 17
6.6 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Chapter 7: Ideal Gases .......................................................................................................................... 18
7.1 Mo on of Par cles ...................................................................................................................... 18
7.2 Ideal Gas Laws ............................................................................................................................. 18
7.3 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Chapter 8: Quan ta ve Aspects of Chemical Change .......................................................................... 20
8.1 Gases and Solu ons .................................................................................................................... 20
8.2 Stoichiometric Calcula ons ......................................................................................................... 20
8.3 Volume Rela onships in Gaseous Reac ons............................................................................... 20
8.4 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 20
Chapter 9: Electrosta cs ....................................................................................................................... 22
9.1 Introduc on ................................................................................................................................ 22
9.2 Coulomb's Law ............................................................................................................................ 22
9.3 Electric Field ................................................................................................................................ 22
9.4 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 22
Chapter 10: Electromagne sm ............................................................................................................. 23
10.1 Introduc on .............................................................................................................................. 23
10.2 Magne c Field Associated with a Current ................................................................................ 23
10.3 Faraday's Law and Electromagne c Induc on .......................................................................... 23
10.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 24
Chapter 11: Electric Circuits .................................................................................................................. 25
11.1 Introduc on .............................................................................................................................. 25
11.2 Ohm's Law ................................................................................................................................. 25
11.3 Power and Energy ..................................................................................................................... 25
11.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 25
Chapter 12: Energy and Chemical Change ............................................................................................ 27
12.1 Energy Changes in Chemical Reac ons ..................................................................................... 27
12.2 Exothermic and Endothermic Reac ons ................................................................................... 27
12.3 Ac va on Energy and the Ac vated Complex .......................................................................... 27
12.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 27
Chapter 13: Types of Reac ons ............................................................................................................. 28
13.1 Acids and Bases ......................................................................................................................... 28
13.2 Acid-Base Reac ons .................................................................................................................. 28
Physical Science
Study Notes
,Disclaimer:
The following study notes, formula sheets, and summaries are intended for educa onal purposes and personal reference. They should not
replace official textbooks, classroom instruc on, or professional advice. While efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, these materials
may contain errors or omissions. Users are encouraged to cross-reference this informa on with authorita ve sources and consult with
educators or subject ma er experts for clarifica on or addi onal guidance. The use of these materials is at the reader's discre on, and the
creators and distributors of these materials are not responsible for any consequences resul ng from their use
,Contents
Chapter 1: Vectors in 2 Dimensions ........................................................................................................ 6
1.1 Introduc on .................................................................................................................................. 6
1.2 Resultant of Perpendicular Vectors............................................................................................... 6
1.3 Components of Vectors ................................................................................................................. 7
1.4 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Chapter 2: Newton's Laws....................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Introduc on .................................................................................................................................. 8
2.2 Force.............................................................................................................................................. 8
2.3 Newton's Laws .............................................................................................................................. 8
2.4 Forces Between Masses ................................................................................................................ 9
2.5 Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 9
Chapter 3: Atomic Combina ons .......................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Introduc on ................................................................................................................................ 11
3.2 Molecular Shape ......................................................................................................................... 11
3.3 Electronega vity ......................................................................................................................... 11
3.4 Energy and Bonding .................................................................................................................... 11
3.5 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Chapter 4: Intermolecular Forces ......................................................................................................... 13
4.1 Intermolecular and Interatomic Forces....................................................................................... 13
4.2 The Chemistry of Water .............................................................................................................. 13
4.3 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 14
Chapter 5: Geometrical Op cs .............................................................................................................. 15
5.1 Summary of Proper es of Light .................................................................................................. 15
5.2 Light Rays .................................................................................................................................... 15
5.3 Proper es of Light ....................................................................................................................... 15
5.4 The Speed of Light....................................................................................................................... 15
5.5 Refrac on .................................................................................................................................... 15
5.6 Snell's Law ................................................................................................................................... 16
5.7 Cri cal Angles and Total Internal Reflec on ............................................................................... 16
5.8 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 16
Chapter 6: 2D and 3D Wavefronts ........................................................................................................ 17
6.1 Introduc on ................................................................................................................................ 17
6.2 Wavefronts .................................................................................................................................. 17
, 6.3 Huygens' Principle ....................................................................................................................... 17
6.4 Diffrac on ................................................................................................................................... 17
6.5 Diffrac on through a Single Slit .................................................................................................. 17
6.6 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 17
Chapter 7: Ideal Gases .......................................................................................................................... 18
7.1 Mo on of Par cles ...................................................................................................................... 18
7.2 Ideal Gas Laws ............................................................................................................................. 18
7.3 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Chapter 8: Quan ta ve Aspects of Chemical Change .......................................................................... 20
8.1 Gases and Solu ons .................................................................................................................... 20
8.2 Stoichiometric Calcula ons ......................................................................................................... 20
8.3 Volume Rela onships in Gaseous Reac ons............................................................................... 20
8.4 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 20
Chapter 9: Electrosta cs ....................................................................................................................... 22
9.1 Introduc on ................................................................................................................................ 22
9.2 Coulomb's Law ............................................................................................................................ 22
9.3 Electric Field ................................................................................................................................ 22
9.4 Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 22
Chapter 10: Electromagne sm ............................................................................................................. 23
10.1 Introduc on .............................................................................................................................. 23
10.2 Magne c Field Associated with a Current ................................................................................ 23
10.3 Faraday's Law and Electromagne c Induc on .......................................................................... 23
10.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 24
Chapter 11: Electric Circuits .................................................................................................................. 25
11.1 Introduc on .............................................................................................................................. 25
11.2 Ohm's Law ................................................................................................................................. 25
11.3 Power and Energy ..................................................................................................................... 25
11.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 25
Chapter 12: Energy and Chemical Change ............................................................................................ 27
12.1 Energy Changes in Chemical Reac ons ..................................................................................... 27
12.2 Exothermic and Endothermic Reac ons ................................................................................... 27
12.3 Ac va on Energy and the Ac vated Complex .......................................................................... 27
12.4 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 27
Chapter 13: Types of Reac ons ............................................................................................................. 28
13.1 Acids and Bases ......................................................................................................................... 28
13.2 Acid-Base Reac ons .................................................................................................................. 28
