Study Guide for Human Growth and Development Questions with correct answers(verified for accuracy)

What is the focus of Human Growth and Development Changes across the lifespan, including physical, cognitive, social, intellectual, perceptual, personality and emotional growth. What are the stages for eriksons psychological development theory, and at what ages does each particular stage occur? 1. Trust vs. Mistrust- From birth to 12 months of age, infants must learn that adults can be trusted. 2. Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt- As toddlers (ages 1-3 years) begin to explore their world, they learn that they can control their actions and act on their environment to get results. 3. Initiative vs. Guilt- preschool stage (ages 3-6 years), they are capable of initiating activities and asserting control over their world through social interactions and play. 4. Industry vs. Inferiority- elementary school stage (ages 6-12), children face the task of industry vs. inferiority. Children begin to compare themselves with their peers to see how they measure up. 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion- adolescence (ages 12-18), children face the task of identity vs. role confusion. According to Erikson, an adolescent's main task is developing a sense of self. Adolescents struggle with questions such as "Who am I?" and "What do I want to do with my life?" Along the way, most adolescents try on many different selves to see which ones fit; they explore various roles and ideas, set goals, and attempt to discover their "adult" selves. 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation- early adulthood (20s through early 40s) are concerned with intimacy vs. isolation. After we have developed a sense of self in adolescence, we are ready to share our life with others. 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation- When people reach their 40s, they enter the time known as middle adulthood, which extends to the mid-60s. The social task of middle adulthood is generativity vs. stagnation. Generativity involves finding your life's work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. 8. Integrity vs. Despair- From the mid-60s to the end of life, we are in the period of development known as late adulthood. Erikson's task at this stage is called integrity vs. despair. He said that people in late adulthood reflect on their lives and feel either a sense of satisfaction or a sense of failure. What is the focus of Piagets Stage Theory? Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development suggests that children move through four different stages of mental development. His theory focuses not only on understanding how children acquire knowledge, but also on understanding the nature of intelligence. Piaget believed that children took at active role in the learning process, acting much like little scientists as they perform experiments, make observations, and learn about the world. How are moral decisions made at the different levels of Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning stages? Men tend to judge as moral the action that lead to a fair or just end, whereas women tend to judge as moral the actions that are nonviolent and hurt the fewer people. What normal age related changes are seen in the cognitive abilities in older adults? Changes in memory are the most noticeable What is the important cognitive development that occurs during Piaget's sensorimotor stage? Piagets final stage, in which abstract thinking becomes possible.