Pediatric Nursing exam 1 chapter 4 Questions With Correct Answers

toddler - Answer age 1-3 height and weight increase steadily in spurts at _____ rates than the infant - Answer slower generally reach half of adult height by age ___ - Answer 2 average weight gain is... - Answer 3-5 lbs per year height increases by an average of ____ per year - Answer 3 inches per year anterior fontanelle closes by ______ - Answer 18 months head size is more proportional to body by age.... - Answer 3 neurologic system in toddler - Answer -Brain reaches about 90% of size by age 2. Increased myelination improves coordination, balance, and sphincter control respiratory system in toddler - Answer -Alveoli increase in number until age 7; trachea and airways small compared to adult; tonsils and adenoids are large relative to size of oral cavity cardiovascular system in toddler - Answer -Heart rate decreases; blood pressure increases gastrointestinal system in toddler - Answer -Stomach increases in size; small intestine grows in length; less frequent stools; stool color may be variable based on diet; bowel control typically achieved by end of toddler period genitourinary system in toddler - Answer -Bladder and kidney reach adult function by 16 to 24 months; bladder capacity increases; urethra remains relatively short musculoskeletal system in toddler - Answer -Bones increase in length; muscle matures; swayback and pot belly appear due to weak muscles until 3 years old autonomy vs shame and doubt (erikson) - Answer achieves autonomy and self control; separates from caregiver imitates adults and play mates spontaneously shows affection sensoritmotor and preoperational (piaget) - Answer differentiates self from objects; increased object permanence, beginning symbolic thought anal stage (Freud) - Answer focus is on achieving anal sphincter control; satisfaction or frustration may occur as the toddler learns to withhold and expel stool The nurse praises a 3-year-old child for using the potty. Which of the following theorists focuses on the satisfaction/frustration of expelling feces? a. Piaget b. Freud c. Erickson d. Kohlberg - Answer Freud gross motor skills in the toddler - Answer initial = walking with "toddler gait" later = running, climbing, jumping, pushing or pulling a toy, throwing a ball, and pedaling a tricycle fine motor skills in the toddler - Answer -Progress from holding and pinching to the ability to manage utensils, hold a crayon, string a bead, work a puzzle, and use a touch screen receptive language - Answer the ability to understand what is being asked or said expressive language - Answer the ability to communicate one's desires and feelings